Allah, the Exalted, has said:
رياض الصالحينAbū Zakariyyā Muḥyī al-Dīn Yaḥyā ibn Sharaf al-Nawawī٢١٧ - باب وجوب صوم رمضان وبيان فضل الصيام وما يتعلق به
٢١٧ - باب وجوب صوم رمضان وبيان فضل الصيام وما يتعلق به
[For such is the state of the disbelievers] until, when death comes to one of them, he says, "My Lord, send me back
…up to His saying, the Exalted:
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ ٱلصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ
O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous -
وَأما الأحاديث فقد تقدمت في الباب الَّذِي قبله.
As for the hadiths, they have already been presented in the chapter preceding this one.
وعن أَبي هريرة - ﵁ - قَالَ: قَالَ رسول الله - ﷺ: «قَالَ اللهُ - ﷿: كُلُّ عَمَلِ ابْنِ آدَمَ لَهُ إِلاَّ الصِّيَام، فَإنَّهُ لِي وَأنَا أجْزِي بِهِ، وَالصِّيَامُ جُنَّةٌ ، فَإذَا كَانَ يَومُ صَوْمِ أحَدِكُمْ فَلاَ يَرْفُثْ وَلاَ يَصْخَبْ فإنْ سَابَّهُ أحَدٌ أَوْ قَاتَلَهُ فَلْيَقُلْ: إنِّي صَائِمٌ. وَالذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ لَخُلُوفُ فَمِ الصَّائِمِ أطْيَبُ عِنْدَ اللهِ مِنْ رِيحِ المِسْكِ. لِلصَّائِمِ فَرْحَتَانِ يَفْرَحُهُمَا: إِذَا أفْطَرَ فَرِحَ بفطره، وَإذَا لَقِيَ رَبَّهُ فَرِحَ بِصَوْمِهِ». متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ، وهذا لفظ روايةِ البُخَارِي. وفي روايةٍ لَهُ: «يَتْرُكُ طَعَامَهُ، وَشَرَابَهُ، وَشَهْوَتَهُ مِنْ أجْلِي، الصِّيَامُ لي وَأنَا أجْزِي بِهِ، وَالحَسَنَةُ بِعَشْرِ أمْثَالِهَا». وفي رواية لمسلم: «كُلُّ عَمَلِ ابْنِ آدَمَ يضاعَفُ، الحسنةُ بِعَشْرِ أمْثَالِهَا إِلَى سَبْعِمِئَةِ ضِعْفٍ. قَالَ الله تَعَالَى: إِلاَّ الصَّوْمَ فَإنَّهُ لِي وَأنَا أجْزِي بِهِ؛ يَدَعُ شَهْوَتَهُ وَطَعَامَهُ مِنْ أجْلِي. للصَّائِمِ فَرْحَتَانِ: فَرْحَةٌ عِنْدَ فِطْرِهِ، وَفَرْحَةٌ عِنْدَ لِقَاءِ رَبِّهِ. وَلَخُلُوفُ فِيهِ أطْيَبُ عِنْدَ اللهِ مِنْ رِيحِ المِسْكِ».
On the authority of Abu Hurayra (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, said: Every deed of the son of Adam is for him, except fasting, for it is for Me and I shall reward it. Fasting is a shield, so when it is the day on which one of you fasts, let him not speak obscenely nor raise his voice; and if anyone reviles him or fights him, let him say: I am fasting. By the One in whose hand is the soul of Muhammad, the changed odour of the mouth of the one fasting is more pleasant to Allah than the fragrance of musk. The one who fasts has two joys in which he rejoices: when he breaks his fast he rejoices at his breaking it, and when he meets his Lord he rejoices at his fasting." Agreed upon, and this is the wording of al-Bukhari's narration. In another narration of his: "He leaves his food, his drink, and his desire for My sake; fasting is for Me and I shall reward it, and a good deed is rewarded tenfold." In a narration of Muslim: "Every deed of the son of Adam is multiplied; a good deed is rewarded tenfold, up to seven hundred times. Allah, the Exalted, said: Except fasting, for it is for Me and I shall reward it; he forsakes his desire and his food for My sake. The one who fasts has two joys: a joy at his breaking the fast, and a joy at meeting his Lord. And indeed the changed odour of his mouth is more pleasant to Allah than the fragrance of musk."
وعنه: أنَّ رسول الله - ﷺ - قَالَ: «مَنْ أنْفَقَ زَوْجَيْنِ في سَبِيلِ اللهِ نُودِيَ مِنْ أبْوَابِ الجَنَّةِ، يَا عَبْدَ اللهِ هَذَا خَيرٌ، فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أهْلِ الصَّلاَةِ دُعِيَ مِنْ بَابِ الصَّلاَةِ، وَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أهْلِ الجِهَادِ دُعِيَ مِنْ بَابِ الجِهَادِ، وَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أهْلِ الصِّيَامِ دُعِيَ مِنْ بَابِ الرَّيَّانِ، وَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أهْلِ الصَّدَقَةِ دُعِيَ مِنْ بَابِ الصَّدَقَةِ» قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ - ﵁: بِأبي أنْتَ وَأُمِّي يَا رسولَ اللهِ! مَا عَلَى مَنْ دُعِيَ مِنْ تِلْكَ الأَبْوَابِ مِنْ ضَرورةٍ، فهل يُدْعى أحَدٌ مِنْ تِلْكَ الأبوَابِ كُلِّهَا؟ فَقَالَ: «نَعَمْ، وَأرْجُو أَنْ تَكُونَ مِنْهُمْ». متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Also on his authority: that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever spends a matching pair in the way of Allah will be called from the gates of Paradise: O servant of Allah, this is good! So whoever was among the people of prayer will be called from the gate of prayer; whoever was among the people of jihad will be called from the gate of jihad; whoever was among the people of fasting will be called from the gate of al-Rayyan; and whoever was among the people of charity will be called from the gate of charity." Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "May my father and my mother be ransom for you, O Messenger of Allah! There is no distress upon one who is called from any of those gates; but will anyone be called from all of those gates?" He said: "Yes, and I hope that you will be among them." Agreed upon.
وعن سهل بن سعد - ﵁ - عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قَالَ: «إنَّ في الجَنَّةِ بَابًا يُقَالُ لَهُ: الرَّيَّانُ، يَدْخُلُ مِنْهُ الصَّائِمُونَ يَومَ القِيَامَةِ، لاَ يَدْخُلُ مِنْهُ أحدٌ غَيْرُهُمْ، يقال: أيْنَ الصَّائِمُونَ؟ فَيَقُومُونَ لاَ يَدخُلُ مِنْهُ أَحَدٌ غَيْرُهُمْ، فَإذَا دَخَلُوا أُغْلِقَ فَلَمْ يَدْخُلْ مِنْهُ أَحَدٌ». متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
On the authority of Sahl ibn Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him), from the Prophet ﷺ, who said: "In Paradise there is a gate called al-Rayyan, through which those who fasted will enter on the Day of Resurrection; none but them will enter through it. It will be said: Where are those who fasted? So they will rise — none but them will enter through it — and when they have entered, it will be shut, so that no one [else] will enter through it." Agreed upon.
وعن أَبي سعيد الخدري - ﵁ - قَالَ: قَالَ رسول الله - ﷺ: «مَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا في سَبِيلِ اللهِ إِلاَّ بَاعَدَ اللهُ بِذَلِكَ اليَوْمِ وَجْهَهُ عَنِ النَّارِ سَبْعِينَ خَرِيفًا ». متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
On the authority of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "There is no servant who fasts a day in the way of Allah but that, by that day, Allah removes his face from the Fire by a distance of seventy autumns." Agreed upon.
وعن أَبي هريرة - ﵁ - عن النبيِّ - ﷺ - قَالَ: «مَنْ صَامَ رَمَضَانَ إيمَانًا وَاحْتِسَابًا، غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ». متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
On the authority of Abu Hurayra (may Allah be pleased with him), from the Prophet ﷺ, who said: "Whoever fasts Ramadan out of faith and seeking reward will have what has preceded of his sins forgiven." Agreed upon.
وعنه - ﵁: أنَّ رسول الله - ﷺ - قَالَ: «إِذَا جَاءَ رَمَضَانُ، فُتِحَتْ أبْوَاب الجَنَّةِ، وَغُلِّقَتْ أبْوَابُ النَّارِ، وَصفِّدَتِ الشَّيَاطِينُ». متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Also on his authority (may Allah be pleased with him): that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "When Ramadan comes, the gates of Paradise are opened, the gates of the Fire are shut, and the devils are chained." Agreed upon.
وعنه: أنَّ رسول الله - ﷺ - قَالَ: «صُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ، وَأفْطِرُوا لِرُؤيَتِهِ، فَإنْ غَبِيَ عَلَيْكُمْ، فَأكمِلُوا عِدَّةَ شَعْبَانَ ثَلاَثِينَ». متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ، وهذا لفظ البخاري. وفي رواية لمسلم: «فَإنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَصُومُوا ثَلاَثِينَ يَوْمًا».
Also on his authority: that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Fast upon sighting it and break your fast upon sighting it; but if it is obscured from you, then complete the count of Sha'ban as thirty." Agreed upon, and this is the wording of al-Bukhari. In a narration of Muslim: "But if it is overcast for you, then fast thirty days."