Allah the Exalted said:
رياض الصالحينAbū Zakariyyā Muḥyī al-Dīn Yaḥyā ibn Sharaf al-Nawawī٣١ - باب الإصلاح بين الناس
٣١ - باب الإصلاح بين الناس
No good is there in much of their private conversation, except for those who enjoin charity or that which is right or conciliation between people. And whoever does that seeking means to the approval of Allāh - then We are going to give him a great reward.
And the Exalted said:
وَإِنِ ٱمْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنۢ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَآ أَن يُصْلِحَا بَيْنَهُمَا صُلْحًا ۚ وَٱلصُّلْحُ خَيْرٌ ۗ وَأُحْضِرَتِ ٱلْأَنفُسُ ٱلشُّحَّ ۚ وَإِن تُحْسِنُوا۟ وَتَتَّقُوا۟ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرًا
And if a woman fears from her husband contempt or evasion, there is no sin upon them if they make terms of settlement between them - and settlement is best. And present in [human] souls is stinginess.1 But if you do good and fear Allāh - then indeed Allāh is ever, of what you do, Aware.
وَقالَ تَعَالَى:
And the Exalted said:
يَسْـَٔلُونَكَ عَنِ ٱلْأَنفَالِ ۖ قُلِ ٱلْأَنفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَٱلرَّسُولِ ۖ فَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا۟ ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ ۖ وَأَطِيعُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥٓ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ
They ask you, [O Muḥammad], about the bounties [of war]. Say, "The [decision concerning] bounties is for Allāh and the Messenger." So fear Allāh and amend that which is between you and obey Allāh and His Messenger, if you should be believers.
وَقالَ تَعَالَى:
And the Exalted said:
إِنَّمَا ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ فَأَصْلِحُوا۟ بَيْنَ أَخَوَيْكُمْ ۚ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ
The believers are but brothers, so make settlement between your brothers. And fear Allāh that you may receive mercy.
وعن أَبي هريرة - ﵁ - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُول الله - ﷺ: «كُلُّ سُلاَمَى مِنَ النَّاسِ عَلَيهِ صَدَقَةٌ، كُلَّ يَوْمٍ تَطْلُعُ فِيهِ الشَّمْسُ: تَعْدِلُ بَيْنَ الاثْنَينِ صَدَقَةٌ، وَتُعينُ الرَّجُلَ في دَابَّتِهِ فَتَحْمِلُهُ عَلَيْهَا، أَوْ تَرْفَعُ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا مَتَاعَهُ صَدَقَةٌ، وَالكَلِمَةُ الطَّيِّبَةُ صَدَقةٌ، وَبِكُلِّ خَطْوَةٍ تَمشِيهَا إِلَى الصَّلاةِ صَدَقَةٌ، وَتُميطُ الأَذى عَنِ الطَّريقِ صَدَقَةٌ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ. ومعنى «تَعدِلُ بينهما»: تُصْلِحُ بينهما بالعدل.
Abu Hurayra (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Every joint of a person owes a charity on every day upon which the sun rises: to reconcile justly between two people is a charity; to help a man with his mount, helping him onto it or lifting his belongings up onto it, is a charity; a good word is a charity; every step you take towards the prayer is a charity; and removing a harmful thing from the road is a charity." Agreed upon (al-Bukhārī and Muslim). The meaning of "taʿdilu baynahumā" is: you set matters right between them with justice.
وعن أمِّ كُلْثُوم بنت عُقْبَة بن أَبي مُعَيط ﵂، قَالَتْ: سمِعتُ رسول الله - ﷺ يَقُولُ: «لَيْسَ الكَذَّابُ الَّذِي يُصْلِحُ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فَيَنْمِي خَيرًا، أَوْ يقُولُ خَيْرًا». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ. وفي رواية مسلم زيادة، قَالَتْ: وَلَمْ أَسْمَعْهُ يُرَخِّصُ في شَيْءٍ مِمَّا يَقُولُهُ النَّاسُ إلاَّ في ثَلاثٍ، تَعْنِي: الحَرْبَ، وَالإِصْلاَحَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ، وَحَدِيثَ الرَّجُلِ امْرَأَتَهُ، وَحَدِيثَ المَرْأةِ زَوْجَهَا.
Umm Kulthum bint ʿUqba ibn Abi Muʿayt (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "He is not a liar who reconciles between people and conveys something good, or says something good." Agreed upon (al-Bukhārī and Muslim). In Muslim's narration there is an addition; she said: I never heard him grant licence in anything of what people say [to be untrue] except in three cases — she meant: war, reconciling between people, and a man's talk with his wife and a woman's talk with her husband.
وعن عائشة ﵂، قَالَتْ: سَمِعَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - صَوْتَ خُصُومٍ بِالبَابِ عَاليةً أصْوَاتُهُمَا، وَإِذَا أَحَدُهُمَا يَسْتَوْضِعُ الآخَر وَيَسْتَرْفِقُهُ في شَيءٍ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: واللهِ لاَ أفْعَلُ، فَخَرجَ عَلَيْهِمَا رسولُ اللهِ - ﷺ - فَقَالَ: «أيْنَ المُتَأَلِّي عَلَى اللهِ لاَ يَفْعَلُ المَعْرُوفَ؟»، فَقَالَ: أَنَا يَا رسولَ اللهِ، فَلَهُ أيُّ ذلِكَ أحَبَّ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ. معنى «يَسْتَوضِعُهُ»: يَسْأَلهُ أَنْ يَضَعَ عَنْهُ بَعضَ دَيْنِهِ. «وَيَسْتَرفِقُهُ»: يَسأَلُهُ الرِّفْقَ. «وَالمُتَأَلِّي»: الحَالِفُ.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) heard the sound of two disputants at the door, their voices raised. One of them was asking the other to reduce [a debt] and to deal gently with him in some matter, while the other was saying: "By Allah, I will not do it." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) went out to them and said: "Where is the one who swore by Allah that he would not do good?" He said: "It is I, O Messenger of Allah; he may have whichever of that he prefers." Agreed upon (al-Bukhārī and Muslim). The meaning of "yastawḍiʿuhu" is: he asks him to remit part of his debt; "wa-yastarfiquhu": he asks him for leniency; "al-mutaʾallī": the one who swears an oath.
وعن أَبي العباس سهل بن سَعد الساعِدِيّ - ﵁: أنَّ رَسُول الله - ﷺ - بَلَغَهُ أنَّ بَني عَمرو بن عَوْفٍ كَانَ بَيْنَهُمْ شَرٌّ، فَخَرَجَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - يُصْلِحُ بَينَهُمْ في أُنَاس مَعَهُ، فَحُبِسَ رَسُول الله - ﷺ - وَحَانَتِ الصَّلاة، فَجَاءَ بِلالٌ إِلَى أَبي بكر ﵄، فَقَالَ: يَا أَبا بَكْر، إنَّ رَسُول الله - ﷺ - قَدْ حُبِسَ وَحَانَتِ الصَّلاةُ فَهَلْ لَكَ أَنْ تَؤُمَّ النَّاس؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، إنْ شِئْتَ، فَأقَامَ بِلالٌ الصَّلاةَ، وتَقَدَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَكَبَّرَ وَكَبَّرَ النَّاسُ، وَجَاءَ رَسُول الله - ﷺ - يَمشي في الصُّفُوفِ حَتَّى قَامَ في الصَّفِّ، فَأَخَذَ النَّاسُ في التَّصْفيقِ، وَكَانَ أَبُو بكرٍ - ﵁ - لاَ يَلْتَفِتُ في الصَّلاةِ، فَلَمَّا أكْثَرَ النَّاسُ في التَّصْفيقِ الْتَفَتَ، فإِذَا رَسُول الله - ﷺ - فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْه رسولُ الله - ﷺ - فَرَفَعَ أَبُو بَكْر - ﵁ - يَدَهُ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ، وَرَجَعَ القَهْقَرَى وَرَاءهُ حَتَّى قَامَ في الصَّفِّ، فَتَقَدَّمَ رَسُول الله - ﷺ - فَصَلَّى للنَّاسِ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ أقْبَلَ عَلَى النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ: «أيُّهَا النَّاسُ، مَا لَكُمْ حِينَ نَابَكُمْ شَيْءٌ في الصَّلاةِ أخَذْتُمْ في التَّصفيق؟! إِنَّمَا التَّصفيق للنِّساء. مَنْ نَابَهُ شَيْءٌ في صَلاتِهِ فَلْيَقُلْ: سُبْحَانَ الله، فَإِنَّهُ لاَ يَسْمَعُهُ أحدٌ حِينَ يقُولُ: سُبْحَانَ الله، إلاَّ الْتَفَتَ. يَا أَبَا بَكْر: مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تُصَلِّي بالنَّاسِ حِينَ أشَرْتُ إلَيْكَ؟»، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: مَا كَانَ يَنْبَغي لابْنِ أَبي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يُصَلِّي بالنَّاسِ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُول الله - ﷺ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ. معنى «حُبِسَ»: أمْسَكُوهُ لِيُضِيفُوهُ.
Abu al-ʿAbbas Sahl ibn Saʿd al-Saʿidi (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that news reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) that there was discord among the Banu ʿAmr ibn ʿAwf, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) went out to reconcile between them, with some people accompanying him. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was detained, and the time for prayer came. So Bilal came to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: "O Abu Bakr, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has been detained and the time for prayer has come; will you lead the people in prayer?" He said: "Yes, if you wish." So Bilal called the iqama and Abu Bakr went forward, pronounced the takbir, and the people pronounced the takbir. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came, walking through the rows until he stood in the row. The people began to clap, but Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) was not in the habit of turning around during the prayer. When the people clapped a great deal he turned, and there was the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gestured to him, so Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) raised his hand and praised Allah, and stepped backwards until he stood in the row. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) went forward and led the people in prayer. When he had finished, he turned to the people and said: "O people, why is it that when something happens to you during the prayer you begin to clap? Clapping is only for women. Whoever is faced with something during his prayer, let him say: Glory be to Allah (Subḥān Allah); for no one hears him say Subḥān Allah but he turns to him. O Abu Bakr, what prevented you from leading the people in prayer when I gestured to you?" Abu Bakr said: "It was not fitting for the son of Abu Quhafa to lead the people in prayer in the presence of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)." Agreed upon (al-Bukhārī and Muslim). The meaning of "ḥubisa" is: they held him back in order to host him.