Allah, the Exalted, said:
رياض الصالحينAbū Zakariyyā Muḥyī al-Dīn Yaḥyā ibn Sharaf al-Nawawī٢١٦ - باب تأكيد وجوب الزكاة وبيان فضلها وما يتعلق بها
٢١٦ - باب تأكيد وجوب الزكاة وبيان فضلها وما يتعلق بها
And establish prayer and give zakāh1 and bow with those who bow [in worship and obedience].
And He, the Exalted, said:
وَمَآ أُمِرُوٓا۟ إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ ٱلدِّينَ حُنَفَآءَ وَيُقِيمُوا۟ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَيُؤْتُوا۟ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ دِينُ ٱلْقَيِّمَةِ
And they were not commanded except to worship Allāh, [being] sincere to Him in religion, inclining to truth, and to establish prayer and to give zakāh. And that is the correct religion.
وقال تَعَالَى:
And He, the Exalted, said:
خُذْ مِنْ أَمْوَٰلِهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُطَهِّرُهُمْ وَتُزَكِّيهِم بِهَا وَصَلِّ عَلَيْهِمْ ۖ إِنَّ صَلَوٰتَكَ سَكَنٌ لَّهُمْ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ
Take, [O Muḥammad], from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase, and invoke [Allāh's blessings] upon them. Indeed, your invocations are reassurance for them. And Allāh is Hearing and Knowing.
وعن ابن عمر ﵄: أنَّ رسول الله - ﷺ - قَالَ: «بُنِيَ الإسْلاَمُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ: شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لاَ إلهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ، وَأنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، وَإقَامِ الصَّلاَةِ، وَإيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ، وَحَجِّ البَيْتِ، وَصَوْمِ رَمَضَانَ». متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
From Ibn ʿUmar (may Allah be pleased with them both): that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Islam is built upon five: the testimony that there is no god but Allah and that Muḥammad is His servant and Messenger, the establishment of prayer, the giving of zakāh, the pilgrimage to the House, and the fasting of Ramaḍān.” Agreed upon.
وعن طَلْحَةَ بن عبيد الله - ﵁ - قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رسولِ الله - ﷺ - مِنْ أَهْلِ نَجْدٍ ثَائِرُ الرَّأسِ نَسْمَعُ دَوِيَّ صَوْتِهِ ، وَلاَ نَفْقَهُ مَا يَقُولُ، حَتَّى دَنَا مِنْ رسولِ الله - ﷺ - فَإذا هُوَ يَسألُ عَنِ الإسْلاَم، فَقَالَ رسول الله - ﷺ: «خَمْسُ صَلَواتٍ فِي اليَوْمِ وَاللَّيْلَةِ» قَالَ: هَلْ عَلَيَّ غَيْرُهُنَّ؟ قَالَ: «لاَ، إِلاَّ أَنْ تَطَّوَّعَ» فَقَالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ: «وَصِيامُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ» قَالَ: هَلْ عَلَيَّ غَيْرُهُ؟ قَالَ: «لاَ، إِلاَّ أَنْ تَطَّوَّعَ» قَالَ: وَذَكَرَ لَهُ رسول الله - ﷺ - الزَّكَاةَ، فَقَالَ: هَلْ عَلَيَّ غَيْرُهَا؟ قَالَ: «لاَ، إِلاَّ أَنْ تَطَّوَّعَ» فَأدْبَرَ الرَّجُلُ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: وَاللهِ لاَ أُزِيدُ عَلَى هَذَا وَلاَ أنْقُصُ مِنْهُ، فَقَالَ رسول الله - ﷺ: «أفْلَحَ إنْ صَدَقَ». متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
From Ṭalḥah ibn ʿUbayd Allah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: A man from the people of Najd came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with dishevelled hair. We could hear the murmur of his voice but could not make out what he was saying, until he drew near to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and behold, he was asking about Islam. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Five prayers in the day and night.” He said: Is there anything else due from me? He said: “No, unless you do so voluntarily.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then said: “And the fasting of the month of Ramaḍān.” He said: Is there anything else due from me? He said: “No, unless you do so voluntarily.” He (the narrator) said: And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioned zakāh to him. He said: Is there anything else due from me? He said: “No, unless you do so voluntarily.” The man then turned away, saying: By Allah, I shall not add to this nor diminish from it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “He has succeeded, if he is truthful.” Agreed upon.
وعن ابن عباس - ﵁: أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - بعث مُعاذًا - ﵁ - إِلَى اليَمَنِ، فَقَالَ: «ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لاَ إلهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ وَأنِّي رسول اللهِ، فإنْ هُمْ أطَاعُوا لِذلِكَ، فَأعْلِمْهُمْ أن اللهَ تَعَالَى، افْتَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ خَمْسَ صَلَواتٍ في كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ، فَإنْ هُمْ أطَاعُوا لِذلِكَ، فَأعْلِمْهُمْ أنَّ اللهَ افْتَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُؤخَذُ مِنْ أغْنِيَائِهِمْ، وتُرَدُّ عَلَى فُقَرَائِهِمْ». متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
From Ibn ʿAbbās (may Allah be pleased with them both): that the Prophet ﷺ sent Muʿādh (may Allah be pleased with him) to Yemen and said: “Call them to testify that there is no god but Allah and that I am the Messenger of Allah. If they obey you in that, then inform them that Allah, the Exalted, has made obligatory upon them five prayers in every day and night. If they obey you in that, then inform them that Allah has made obligatory upon them a charity to be taken from their rich and returned to their poor.” Agreed upon.
وعن ابن عمر ﵄، قَالَ: قَالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ: «أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَشْهَدُوا أَنْ لاَ إلهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ، وَأنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رسول الله، وَيُقِيمُوا الصَّلاةَ، وَيُؤتُوا الزَّكَاةَ، فَإذَا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ عَصَمُوا مِني دِمَاءهُمْ وَأمْوَالَهُمْ، إِلاَّ بِحَقِّ الإسْلاَمِ، وَحِسَابُهُم عَلَى الله». متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
From Ibn ʿUmar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “I have been commanded to fight people until they testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muḥammad is the Messenger of Allah, and they establish prayer and give zakāh. If they do that, they have protected from me their blood and their wealth, except by the right of Islam, and their reckoning is with Allah.” Agreed upon.
وعن أَبي هريرة - ﵁ - قَالَ: لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ - ﵁ - وَكَفَرَ مَنْ كَفَرَ مِنَ العَرَبِ، فَقال عُمَرُ - ﵁: كَيْفَ تُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ وَقَدْ قَالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ: «أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولوُا لاَ إلهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ، فَمَنْ قَالَهَا فَقَدْ عَصَمَ مِنِّي مَالَهُ وَنَفْسَهُ إِلاَّ بِحَقِّهِ، وَحِسَابُهُ عَلَى الله» فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: وَاللهِ لأُقَاتِلَنَّ مَنْ فَرَّقَ بين الصَّلاَةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ، فَإنَّ الزَّكَاةَ حَقُّ المَالِ. وَاللهِ لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عِقَالًا كَانُوا يُؤدُّونَهُ إِلَى رسولِ الله - ﷺ - لَقَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَى مَنْعِهِ. قَالَ عُمَرُ - ﵁: فَوَاللهِ مَا هُوَ إِلاَّ أَنْ رَأيْتُ اللهَ قَدْ شَرَحَ صَدْرَ أَبي بَكْرٍ لِلقِتَالِ، فَعَرَفْتُ أنَّهُ الحَقُّ. متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
From Abū Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died and Abū Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) became [caliph], and some of the Arabs disbelieved, ʿUmar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: How can you fight the people when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has said: “I have been commanded to fight people until they say there is no god but Allah; so whoever says it has protected from me his wealth and his life, except by its right, and his reckoning is with Allah”? Abū Bakr said: By Allah, I will surely fight whoever separates prayer from zakāh, for zakāh is the due of wealth. By Allah, if they were to withhold from me even a hobbling-cord which they used to pay to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I would fight them over withholding it. ʿUmar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: By Allah, it was but that I saw that Allah had expanded the breast of Abū Bakr for fighting, and so I knew that it was the truth. Agreed upon.
وعن أَبي أيُّوب - ﵁: أنّ رَجُلًا قَالَ للنبيِّ - ﷺ: أخْبِرْنِي بعمل يُدْخِلُنِي الجَنَّة، قَالَ: «تَعْبُدُ اللهَ، وَلاَ تُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا، وَتُقِيمُ الصَّلاَةَ، وَتُؤْتِي الزَّكَاةَ، وَتَصِلُ الرَّحِمَ». متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
From Abū Ayyūb (may Allah be pleased with him): that a man said to the Prophet ﷺ: Tell me of a deed that will admit me to Paradise. He said: “Worship Allah and associate nothing with Him, establish the prayer, give the zakāh, and maintain the ties of kinship.” Agreed upon.
وعن أَبي هريرة - ﵁: أنَّ أعْرَابيًا أتَى النبيَّ - ﷺ - فَقَالَ: يَا رسولَ اللهِ، دُلَّنِي عَلَى عَمَلٍ إِذَا عَمِلْتُهُ، دَخَلْتُ الجَنَّةَ. قَالَ: «تَعْبُدُ اللهَ لاَ تُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا، وتُقِيمُ الصَّلاَةَ، وتُؤتِي الزَّكَاةَ المَفْرُوضَةَ، وَتَصُومُ رَمَضَانَ» قَالَ: وَالذي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، لا أزيدُ عَلَى هَذَا، فَلَمَّا وَلَّى، قَالَ النبيُّ - ﷺ: «مَنْ سَرَّهُ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْ أهْلِ الجَنَّةِ فَلْيَنْظُرْ إِلَى هَذَا». متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
From Abū Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him): that a bedouin came to the Prophet ﷺ and said: O Messenger of Allah, direct me to a deed which, if I do it, I will enter Paradise. He said: “Worship Allah and associate nothing with Him, establish the prayer, give the obligatory zakāh, and fast Ramaḍān.” He said: By the One in whose Hand is my soul, I will not add to this. So when he turned away, the Prophet ﷺ said: “Whoever would be pleased to look at a man from the people of Paradise, let him look at this one.” Agreed upon.
وعن جرير بن عبد الله - ﵁ - قَالَ: بايَعْتُ النبيَ - ﷺ - عَلَى إقَامِ الصَّلاَةِ، وَإيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ، وَالنُّصْحِ لِكُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ. متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
From Jarīr ibn ʿAbd Allah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: I pledged allegiance to the Prophet ﷺ upon establishing prayer, giving zakāh, and being sincere towards every Muslim. Agreed upon.
وعن أَبي هريرة - ﵁ - قَالَ: قَالَ رسول الله - ﷺ: «مَا مِنْ صَاحِبِ ذَهَبٍ، وَلاَ فِضَّةٍ، لا يُؤَدِّي مِنْهَا حَقَّهَا إِلاَّ إِذَا كَانَ يَومُ القِيَامَةِ صُفِّحَتْ لَهُ صَفَائِحُ مِنْ نَارٍ، فَأُحْمِيَ عَلَيْهَا في نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ، فَيُكْوَى بِهَا جَنْبُهُ، وَجَبِينُهُ، وَظَهْرُهُ، كُلَّمَا بَرَدَتْ أُعِيدَتْ لَهُ في يَومٍ كَانَ مِقْدَارُهُ خَمْسِينَ ألْفَ سَنَةٍ، حَتَّى يُقْضَى بَيْنَ العِبَادِ فَيَرَى سَبيلَهُ، إمَّا إِلَى الجَنَّةِ، وَإمَّا إِلَى النَّارِ» قيل: يَا رسولَ الله، فالإبلُ؟ قَالَ: «وَلاَ صَاحِبِ إبلٍ لا يُؤَدِّي مِنْهَا حَقَّهَا، وَمِنْ حَقِّهَا حَلْبُهَا يَومَ وِرْدِهَا، إِلاَّ إِذَا كَانَ يَومُ القِيَامَةِ بُطِحَ لَهَا بِقَاعٍ قَرْقَرٍ أوْفَرَ مَا كَانَتْ، لاَ يَفْقِدُ مِنْهَا فَصيلًا وَاحِدًا، تَطَؤُهُ بِأخْفَافِهَا، وَتَعَضُّهُ بِأفْوَاهِهَا، كُلَّمَا مَرَّ عَلَيْهِ أُولاَهَا، رُدَّ عَلَيْهِ أُخْرَاهَا، في يَوْمٍ كَانَ مِقْدَارُهُ خَمْسِينَ ألْفَ سَنَةٍ، حَتَّى يُقْضَى بَيْنَ العِبَادِ، فَيَرَى سَبِيلَهُ، إمَّا إِلَى الجَنَّةِ، وَإمَّا إِلَى النَّارِ» قِيلَ: يَا رَسولَ اللهِ، فَالبَقَرُ وَالغَنَمُ؟ قَالَ: «وَلاَ صَاحِبِ بَقَرٍ وَلاَ غَنَمٍ لاَ يُؤَدِّي مِنْهَا حَقَّهَا، إِلاَّ إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ القِيَامَةِ، بُطِحَ لَهَا بقَاعٍ قَرْقَرٍ، لاَ يَفْقِدُ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا، لَيْسَ فِيهَا عَقْصَاءُ ، وَلاَ جَلْحَاءُ، وَلاَ عَضْبَاءُ، تَنْطَحُهُ بقُرُونها، وَتَطَؤُهُ بِأظْلاَفِهَا ، كُلَّمَا مَرَّ عَلَيْهِ أُولاَهَا، رُدَّ عَلَيْهِ أُخْرَاهَا، في يَومٍ كَانَ مِقْدَارُهُ خَمْسِينَ ألْفَ سَنَة حَتَّى يُقْضى بَيْنَ العِبَادِ، فَيَرَى سَبيِلَهُ، إمَّا إِلَى الجَنَّةِ، وَإمَّا إِلَى النَّارِ». قيل: يَا رسول الله فالخَيْلُ؟ قَالَ: «الخَيلُ ثَلاَثَةٌ: هِيَ لِرَجُلٍ وِزْرٌ، وَهِيَ لِرَجُلٍ سِتْرٌ، وَهِيَ لِرَجُلٍ أجْرٌ. فَأمَّا الَّتي هي لَهُ وِزْرٌ فَرَجُلٌ ربَطَهَا رِيَاءً وَفَخْرًا وَنِوَاءً عَلَى أهْلِ الإسْلاَمِ، فَهِيَ لَهُ وِزْرٌ، وَأمَّا الَّتي هي لَهُ سِتْرٌ، فَرَجُلٌ رَبَطَهَا في سَبيلِ الله، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَنْسَ حَقَّ اللهِ في ظُهُورِهَا، وَلاَ رِقَابِهَا، فَهِيَ لَهُ سِتْرٌ، وَأمَّا الَّتي هي لَهُ أجْرٌ، فَرَجُلٌ رَبَطَهَا في سَبيلِ الله لأهْلِ الإسْلاَمِ في مَرْجٍ، أَوْ رَوْضَةٍ فَمَا أكَلَتْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ المَرْجِ أَوْ الرَّوْضَةِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِلاَّ كُتِبَ لَهُ عَدَدَ مَا أَكَلَتْ حَسَنَات وكُتِبَ لَهُ عَدَدَ أرْوَاثِهَا وَأبْوَالِهَا حَسَنَات، وَلاَ تَقْطَعُ طِوَلَهَا فَاسْتَنَّتْ شَرَفًا أَوْ شَرَفَيْنِ إِلاَّ كَتَبَ اللهُ لَهُ عَدَدَ آثَارِهَا، وَأرْوَاثِهَا حَسَنَاتٍ، وَلاَ مَرَّ بِهَا صَاحِبُهَا عَلَى نَهْرٍ، فَشَرِبَتْ مِنْهُ، وَلاَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَسْقِيهَا إِلاَّ كَتَبَ اللهُ لَهُ عَدَدَ مَا شَرِبَتْ حَسَنَاتٍ» قِيلَ: يَا رسولَ اللهِ فالحُمُرُ؟ قَالَ: «مَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيَّ في الحُمُرِ شَيْءٌ إِلاَّ هذِهِ الآية الفَاذَّةُ الجَامِعَةُ: ﴿فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ﴾ [الزلزلة: ٧ - ٨]». متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ، وهذا لفظ مسلم.
From Abū Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “There is no owner of gold or silver who does not pay what is due upon it, but that, when the Day of Resurrection comes, plates of fire will be forged for him and heated in the Fire of Hell, and his side, his forehead, and his back will be branded with them. Whenever they cool they are reheated for him, on a Day whose measure is fifty thousand years, until judgement is passed among the servants, and he sees his path—either to Paradise or to the Fire.” It was said: O Messenger of Allah, what of camels? He said: “Nor any owner of camels who does not pay what is due upon them—and part of their due is to milk them on the day they come to water—but that, when the Day of Resurrection comes, he will be laid flat for them on a vast, level plain, more numerous than ever they were, not one young camel missing, treading him with their hooves and biting him with their mouths. Each time the first of them passes over him, the last of them is returned to him, on a Day whose measure is fifty thousand years, until judgement is passed among the servants, and he sees his path—either to Paradise or to the Fire.” It was said: O Messenger of Allah, what of cattle and sheep? He said: “Nor any owner of cattle or sheep who does not pay what is due upon them, but that, when the Day of Resurrection comes, he will be laid flat for them on a vast, level plain, missing none of them—none with twisted horns, none hornless, none with a broken horn—goring him with their horns and trampling him with their cloven hooves. Each time the first of them passes over him, the last of them is returned to him, on a Day whose measure is fifty thousand years, until judgement is passed among the servants, and he sees his path—either to Paradise or to the Fire.” It was said: O Messenger of Allah, what of horses? He said: “Horses are of three kinds: for one man they are a burden, for one man they are a covering, and for one man they are a reward. As for the one for whom they are a burden, it is a man who ties them up out of ostentation, boasting, and hostility towards the people of Islam: for him they are a burden. As for the one for whom they are a covering, it is a man who ties them up in the cause of Allah and then does not forget the right of Allah concerning their backs and their necks: for him they are a covering. As for the one for whom they are a reward, it is a man who ties them up in the cause of Allah for the people of Islam in a meadow or a garden—whatever they eat from that meadow or garden, that number of good deeds is recorded for him, and the number of their droppings and their urine is recorded for him as good deeds; nor do they break their tether and prance a stretch or two but that Allah records for him the number of their tracks and droppings as good deeds; nor does their owner pass them by a river and they drink from it, though he did not intend to give them to drink, but that Allah records for him the number of what they drank as good deeds.” It was said: O Messenger of Allah, what of donkeys? He said: “Nothing has been revealed to me concerning donkeys except this single, comprehensive verse: ‘So whoever does an atom’s weight of good will see it, and whoever does an atom’s weight of evil will see it’ [al-Zalzalah: 7–8].” Agreed upon, and this is the wording of Muslim.