Allah, Most High, said:
رياض الصالحينAbū Zakariyyā Muḥyī al-Dīn Yaḥyā ibn Sharaf al-Nawawī٦٢ - باب الإيثار والمواساة
٦٢ - باب الإيثار والمواساة
ۚ
And [also for] those who were settled in the Home [i.e.,al-Madīnah] and [adopted] the faith before them.1 They love those who emigrated to them and find not any want in their breasts of what they [i.e., the emigrants] were given but give [them] preference over themselves, even though they are in privation. And whoever is protected from the stinginess of his soul - it is those who will be the successful.
And He, Most High, said:
وَيُطْعِمُونَ ٱلطَّعَامَ عَلَىٰ حُبِّهِۦ مِسْكِينًا وَيَتِيمًا وَأَسِيرًا
And they give food in spite of love for it1 to the needy, the orphan, and the captive,
وعن أَبي هريرة - ﵁ - قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النبيِّ - ﷺ - فَقَالَ: إنِّي مَجْهُودٌ ، فَأرسَلَ إِلَى بَعْضِ نِسَائِهِ، فَقالت: وَالَّذي بَعَثَكَ بِالحَقِّ مَا عِنْدِي إِلاَّ مَاءٌ، ثُمَّ أرْسَلَ إِلَى أُخْرَى، فَقَالَتْ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ، حَتَّى قُلْنَ كُلُّهُنَّ مِثلَ ذَلِكَ: لا وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بالحَقِّ مَا عِنْدِي إِلاَّ مَاءٌ. فَقَالَ النبي - ﷺ: «مَنْ يُضيفُ هَذَا اللَّيْلَةَ؟» فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنْصَارِ: أنَا يَا رسولَ الله، فَانْطَلَقَ بِهِ إِلَى رَحْلِهِ، فَقَالَ لامْرَأَتِهِ: أكرِمِي ضَيْفَ رسول الله - ﷺ. وفي روايةٍ قَالَ لامْرَأَتِهِ: هَلْ عِنْدَكِ شَيْءٌ؟ فقَالَتْ: لاَ، إِلاَّ قُوتَ صِبيَانِي. قَالَ: فَعَلِّليهم بِشَيْءٍ وَإذَا أرَادُوا العَشَاءَ فَنَوِّمِيهمْ، وَإِذَا دَخَلَ ضَيْفُنَا فَأطْفِئي السِّرَاجَ، وَأريهِ أنَّا نَأكُلُ. فَقَعَدُوا وَأكَلَ الضَّيْفُ وَبَاتَا طَاوِيَيْنِ، فَلَمَّا أصْبَحَ غَدَا عَلَى النَّبيِّ - ﷺ - فَقَالَ: «لَقَدْ عَجبَ الله مِنْ صَنِيعِكُمَا بِضَيْفِكُمَا اللَّيْلَةَ». متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: A man came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "I am exhausted [by hunger]." So he sent word to one of his wives, and she said: "By the One who sent you with the truth, I have nothing but water." Then he sent to another, and she said the like of that, until all of them said the same: "No, by the One who sent you with the truth, I have nothing but water." So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Who will host this man tonight?" A man from the Ansar said: "I will, O Messenger of Allah." So he set off with him to his dwelling and said to his wife: "Honour the guest of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)." And in another narration he said to his wife: "Have you anything?" She said: "No, except the food for my children." He said: "Distract them with something, and when they want their supper put them to sleep; and when our guest enters, put out the lamp and let him think that we are eating." So they sat, and the guest ate, while the two of them spent the night with empty stomachs. When morning came, he went to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who said: "Allah marvelled at what the two of you did with your guest tonight." Agreed upon.
وعنه، قَالَ: قَالَ رسول الله - ﷺ: «طَعَامُ الاثْنَيْنِ كَافِي الثَّلاَثَةِ، وَطَعَامُ الثَّلاَثَةِ كَافِي الأربَعَةِ». متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ. وفي رواية لمسلمٍ عن جابر - ﵁ - عن النبي - ﷺ - قَالَ: «طَعَامُ الوَاحِدِ يَكْفِي الاثْنَيْنِ، وَطَعَامُ الاثْنَيْنِ يَكْفِي الأَرْبَعَةَ، وَطَعَامُ الأَرْبَعَة يَكْفِي الثَّمَانِية».
And on his authority, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Food for two is enough for three, and food for three is enough for four." Agreed upon. And in a narration of Muslim, on the authority of Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him), from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who said: "Food for one is enough for two, food for two is enough for four, and food for four is enough for eight."
وعن أَبي سعيد الخدري - ﵁ - قَالَ: بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ فِي سَفَرٍ مَعَ النَّبيِّ - ﷺ - إذْ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى رَاحِلَةٍ لَهُ، فَجَعَلَ يَصرِفُ بَصَرَهُ يَمينًا وَشِمَالًا، فَقَالَ رسول الله - ﷺ: «مَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ فَضْلُ ظَهْرٍ فَليَعُدْ بِهِ عَلَى مَنْ لاَ ظَهرَ لَهُ، وَمَنْ كَانَ لَهُ فَضْلٌ مِنْ زَادٍ، فَلْيَعُدْ بِهِ عَلَى مَنْ لاَ زَادَ لَهُ»، فَذَكَرَ مِنْ أصْنَافِ المالِ مَا ذكر حَتَّى رَأيْنَا أنَّهُ لاَ حَقَّ لأحَدٍ مِنَّا في فَضْلٍ. رواه مسلم.
And on the authority of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: While we were on a journey with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), a man came upon a mount of his and began to turn his gaze to the right and to the left. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever has a spare mount, let him give it to one who has no mount; and whoever has surplus provisions, let him give them to one who has no provisions." And he kept on mentioning various kinds of property until we thought that none of us had any right to a surplus. Narrated by Muslim.
وعن سهل بن سعدٍ - ﵁: أنَّ أمْرَأةً جَاءَتْ إِلَى رسول الله - ﷺ - بِبُرْدَةٍ مَنْسُوجَةٍ، فَقَالَتْ: نَسَجْتُها بِيَدَيَّ لأَكْسُوكَهَا، فَأَخَذَهَا النَّبيُّ - ﷺ - مُحْتَاجًا إِلَيْهَا، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْنَا وَإنَّهَا إزَارُهُ، فَقَالَ فُلانٌ: اكْسُنِيهَا مَا أحْسَنَهَا! فَقَالَ: «نَعَمْ» فَجَلَسَ النَّبيُّ - ﷺ - في المَجْلِسُ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فَطَواهَا، ثُمَّ أرْسَلَ بِهَا إِلَيْهِ: فَقَالَ لَهُ الْقَومُ: مَا أحْسَنْتَ! لَبِسَهَا النَّبيُّ - ﷺ - مُحتَاجًا إِلَيْهَا، ثُمَّ سَألْتَهُ وَعَلِمْتَ أنَّهُ لا يَرُدُّ سَائِلًا، فَقَالَ: إنّي وَاللهِ مَا سَألْتُهُ لألْبِسَهَا، إنَّمَا سَألْتُهُ لِتَكُونَ كَفنِي. قَالَ سَهْلٌ: فَكَانَتْ كَفَنَهُ. رواه البخاري.
And on the authority of Sahl ibn Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him): that a woman came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) with a woven mantle and said: "I wove it with my own hands so that I might clothe you with it." So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) took it, being in need of it, and came out to us wearing it as his lower garment. A certain man said: "Clothe me with it; how fine it is!" He said: "Yes." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sat in the gathering, then went back, folded it, and sent it to him. The people said to the man: "You did not do well! The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) wore it while in need of it, then you asked him for it, knowing that he never refuses anyone who asks." He said: "By Allah, I did not ask him for it to wear it; I only asked him for it so that it might be my shroud." Sahl said: And it became his shroud. Narrated by al-Bukhari.
وعن أَبي موسى - ﵁ - قَالَ: قَالَ رسول الله - ﷺ: «إنَّ الأشْعَرِيِّينَ إِذَا أرْمَلُوا في الغَزْوِ، أَوْ قَلَّ طَعَامُ عِيَالِهِمْ بالمَديِنَةِ، جَمَعُوا مَا كَانَ عِنْدَهُمْ في ثَوْبٍ وَاحِدٍ، ثُمَّ اقْتَسَمُوهُ بَيْنَهُمْ في إنَاءٍ وَاحدٍ بالسَّوِيَّةِ، فَهُمْ مِنِّي وَأنَا مِنْهُمْ». متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ. «أرْمَلُوا»: فَرَغَ زَادُهُمْ أَوْ قَارَبَ الفَرَاغَ.
And on the authority of Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When the Ash'aris run short of provisions on a military expedition, or the food of their dependants in Medina runs low, they gather whatever they have in a single garment, then divide it among themselves equally in a single vessel. They are of me, and I am of them." Agreed upon. "Armalu" means: their provisions ran out or nearly so.