١٩ - باب فيمن سن سنة حسنة أو سيئة

On the authority of Abū ʿAmr Jarīr ibn ʿAbd Allah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: We were with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) in the early part of the day when some people came to him who were barely clothed, wearing striped woollen cloaks — or [plain] cloaks — with their swords slung over them. Most of them, indeed all of them, were from [the tribe of] Muḍar. The face of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) changed [with concern] at the destitution he saw they were in. He went in, then came out, and ordered Bilāl, who gave the call to prayer and the iqāmah. He prayed and then delivered a sermon, saying: «﴿O mankind, fear your Lord who created you from a single soul﴾ to the end of the verse: ﴿Indeed, Allah is ever, over you, an Observer﴾ [al-Nisāʾ: 1], and the other verse at the end of [Sūrat] al-Ḥashr: ﴿O you who believe, fear Allah; and let every soul look to what it has sent forth for tomorrow﴾ [al-Ḥashr: 18]. Let a man give in charity from his dīnār, from his dirham, from his garment, from a ṣāʿ of his wheat, from a ṣāʿ of his dates» — until he said — «even with half a date.» Then a man from the Anṣār came with a purse so [heavy] that his palm could scarcely hold it — indeed, it could not. Then the people followed on, one after another, until I saw two heaps of food and clothing, until I saw the face of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) beaming as though it were gilded. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) then said: «Whoever institutes a good practice in Islam has its reward and the reward of all who act upon it after him, without anything being diminished from their rewards; and whoever institutes an evil practice in Islam bears its burden and the burden of all who act upon it after him, without anything being diminished from their burdens.» Narrated by Muslim. His words «mujtābī al-nimār»: it is with a jīm, and after the alif a single-dotted bāʾ; al-nimār is the plural of namirah, which is a striped woollen cloak. The meaning of «mujtābīhā» is: those wearing them, having slit them open at the head. «Al-jawb» means cutting, and from it is His saying, Exalted is He: ﴿And Thamūd, who carved out the rocks in the valley﴾ [al-Fajr: 9], that is, they hewed and cut it. His words «tamaʿʿara»: it is with the undotted ʿayn, meaning: it changed [colour]. His words «raʾaytu kawmayn»: with a fatḥah or a ḍammah on the kāf, meaning: two heaps. His words «kaʾannahu mudhhabah»: it is with the dotted dhāl, and a fatḥah on the hāʾ, and the single-dotted bāʾ — so said al-Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ and others; some misread it and said «mudhinah» with an undotted dāl, a ḍammah on the hāʾ, and a nūn, and thus al-Ḥumaydī recorded it. The well-known, correct reading is the first. What is meant by it, on both readings, is brightness and radiance.

And on the authority of Ibn Masʿūd (may Allah be pleased with him): that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: «No soul is killed wrongfully but that a share of [the guilt of] its blood falls upon the first son of Ādam, because he was the first to institute killing.» Agreed upon (al-Bukhārī and Muslim).