Allah the Exalted has said:
رياض الصالحينAbū Zakariyyā Muḥyī al-Dīn Yaḥyā ibn Sharaf al-Nawawī٢٧ - باب تعظيم حرمات المسلمين وبيان حقوقهم والشفقة عليهم ورحمتهم
٢٧ - باب تعظيم حرمات المسلمين وبيان حقوقهم والشفقة عليهم ورحمتهم
That [has been commanded], and whoever honors the sacred ordinances of Allāh - it is best for him in the sight of his Lord. And permitted to you are the grazing livestock, except what is recited to you.1 So avoid the uncleanliness of idols and avoid false statement,
And He the Exalted has said:
ذَٰلِكَ وَمَن يُعَظِّمْ شَعَـٰٓئِرَ ٱللَّهِ فَإِنَّهَا مِن تَقْوَى ٱلْقُلُوبِ
That [is so]. And whoever honors the symbols [i.e., rites] of Allāh - indeed, it is from the piety of hearts.
وَقالَ تَعَالَى:
And He the Exalted has said:
لَا تَمُدَّنَّ عَيْنَيْكَ إِلَىٰ مَا مَتَّعْنَا بِهِۦٓ أَزْوَٰجًا مِّنْهُمْ وَلَا تَحْزَنْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَٱخْفِضْ جَنَاحَكَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
Do not extend your eyes toward that by which We have given enjoyment to [certain] categories of them [i.e., the disbelievers], and do not grieve over them. And lower your wing [i.e., show kindness] to the believers.
وَقالَ تَعَالَى:
And He the Exalted has said:
مِنْ أَجْلِ ذَٰلِكَ كَتَبْنَا عَلَىٰ بَنِىٓ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ أَنَّهُۥ مَن قَتَلَ نَفْسًۢا بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ أَوْ فَسَادٍ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَتَلَ ٱلنَّاسَ جَمِيعًا وَمَنْ أَحْيَاهَا فَكَأَنَّمَآ أَحْيَا ٱلنَّاسَ جَمِيعًا ۚ وَلَقَدْ جَآءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُنَا بِٱلْبَيِّنَـٰتِ ثُمَّ إِنَّ كَثِيرًا مِّنْهُم بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ لَمُسْرِفُونَ
Because of that, We decreed upon the Children of Israel that whoever kills a soul unless for a soul1 or for corruption [done] in the land2 - it is as if he had slain mankind entirely. And whoever saves one3 - it is as if he had saved mankind entirely. And Our messengers had certainly come to them with clear proofs. Then indeed many of them, [even] after that, throughout the land, were transgressors.4
وعن أَبي موسى - ﵁ - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُول الله - ﷺ: «المُؤْمِنُ للْمُؤْمِنِ كَالبُنْيَانِ يَشُدُّ بَعْضُهُ بَعْضًا» وشبَّكَ بَيْنَ أصَابِعِهِ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ.
Abū Mūsā (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A believer is to another believer like a building, parts of which support one another" — and he interlaced his fingers. Agreed upon.
وعنه، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُول الله - ﷺ: «مَنْ مَرَّ في شَيْءٍ مِنْ مَسَاجِدِنا، أَوْ أَسْوَاقِنَا، وَمَعَهُ نَبْلٌ فَلْيُمْسِكْ، أَوْ لِيَقْبِضْ عَلَى نِصَالِهَا بكَفّه؛ أَنْ يُصِيبَ أحَدًا مِنَ المُسْلِمِينَ مِنْهَا بِشَيْء». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ.
He also reported: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever passes through any of our mosques or our markets carrying arrows should hold them, or grip their tips with his hand, lest he injure any of the Muslims with anything from them." Agreed upon.
وعن النعمان بن بشير ﵄، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُول الله - ﷺ: «مَثَلُ المُؤْمِنينَ في تَوَادِّهِمْ وتَرَاحُمهمْ وَتَعَاطُفِهمْ، مَثَلُ الجَسَدِ إِذَا اشْتَكَى مِنْهُ عُضْوٌ تَدَاعَى لَهُ سَائِرُ الجَسَدِ بِالسَّهَرِ والحُمَّى». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ.
An-Nuʿmān ibn Bashīr (may Allah be pleased with them both) reported: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The likeness of the believers in their mutual love, mercy, and compassion is like a single body: when one limb of it suffers, the rest of the body responds to it with sleeplessness and fever." Agreed upon.
وعن أَبي هريرة - ﵁ - قَالَ: قَبَّلَ النَّبيُّ - ﷺ - الحَسَنَ بْنَ عَليٍّ ﵄، وَعِنْدَهُ الأَقْرَعُ بْنُ حَابِس، فَقَالَ الأقْرَعُ: إن لِي عَشرَةً مِنَ الوَلَدِ مَا قَبَّلْتُ مِنْهُمْ أحَدًا. فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُول الله - ﷺ - فَقَالَ: «مَنْ لا يَرْحَمْ لاَ يُرْحَمْ!». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ.
Abū Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) kissed al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī (may Allah be pleased with them both) while al-Aqraʿ ibn Ḥābis was sitting with him. Al-Aqraʿ said: "I have ten children, and I have never kissed any of them." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) looked at him and said: "Whoever shows no mercy will be shown no mercy!" Agreed upon.
وعن عائشة ﵂، قَالَتْ: قَدِمَ نَاسٌ مِنَ الأعْرَابِ عَلَى رسولِ الله - ﷺ فقالوا: أتُقَبِّلُونَ صِبْيَانَكُمْ؟ فَقَالَ: «نَعَمْ» قالوا: لَكِنَّا والله مَا نُقَبِّلُ! فَقَالَ رَسُول الله - ﷺ: «أَوَ أَمْلِك إنْ كَانَ اللهُ نَزَعَ مِنْ قُلُوبِكُم الرَّحْمَةَ!». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ.
ʿĀʾishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: Some of the desert Arabs came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "Do you kiss your young children?" He said: "Yes." They said: "But, by Allah, we do not kiss them!" The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "And what power do I have if Allah has stripped mercy from your hearts!" Agreed upon.
وعن جرير بن عبد الله - ﵁ - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُول الله - ﷺ: «مَنْ لاَ يَرْحَم النَّاسَ لاَ يَرْحَمْهُ الله». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ.
Jarīr ibn ʿAbdullāh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever does not show mercy to people, Allah will not show mercy to him." Agreed upon.
وعن أَبي هريرة - ﵁: أنّ رَسُول الله - ﷺ - قَالَ: «إِذَا صَلَّى أحَدُكُمْ للنَّاسِ فَلْيُخَفِّفْ، فَإنَّ فيهِم الضَّعِيفَ وَالسَّقِيمَ وَالكَبيرَ، وَإِذَا صَلَّى أحَدُكُمْ لِنَفْسِهِ فَلْيُطَوِّل مَا شَاءَ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ. وفي رواية: «وذَا الحَاجَةِ».
Abū Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When one of you leads the people in prayer, let him keep it short, for among them are the weak, the sick, and the elderly; but when one of you prays on his own, let him prolong it as much as he wishes." Agreed upon. And in another narration: "and the one with a pressing need."
وعن عائشة ﵂، قَالَتْ: إنْ كَانَ رَسُول الله - ﷺ - لَيَدَعُ العَمَلَ، وَهُوَ يُحبُّ أَنْ يَعْمَلَ بِهِ؛ خَشْيَةَ أَنْ يَعمَلَ بِهِ النَّاسُ فَيُفْرَضَ علَيْهِمْ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ.
ʿĀʾishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would abstain from a deed, though he loved to do it, out of fear that people would act upon it and it would then be made obligatory upon them. Agreed upon.
وَعَنْهَا ﵂، قَالَتْ: نَهَاهُمُ النَّبيُّ - ﷺ - عنِ الوِصَال رَحمَةً لَهُمْ، فَقَالُوا: إنَّكَ تُوَاصِلُ؟ قَالَ: «إنّي لَسْتُ كَهَيْئَتِكُمْ، إنِّي أبيتُ يُطْعمُني رَبِّي وَيَسقِيني». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ. مَعنَاهُ: يَجْعَلُ فِيَّ قُوَّةَ مَنْ أَكَلَ وَشَرِبَ.
And from her (ʿĀʾishah, may Allah be pleased with her), who said: The Prophet (ﷺ) forbade them from continuous fasting (al-wiṣāl), out of mercy to them. They said: "But you yourself fast continuously?" He said: "I am not like you. I spend the night with my Lord feeding me and giving me drink." Agreed upon. Its meaning is: He places in me the strength of one who has eaten and drunk.
وعن أَبي قَتادةَ الحارثِ بن رِبعِي - ﵁ - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُول الله - ﷺ: «إنِّي لأَقُومُ إِلَى الصَّلاة، وَأُرِيدُ أَنْ أُطَوِّلَ فِيهَا، فَأَسْمَع بُكَاءَ الصَّبيِّ فَأَتَجَوَّزَ في صَلاتي كَرَاهية أَنْ أشُقَّ عَلَى أُمِّهِ». رواه البخاري.
And from Abū Qatādah al-Ḥārith ibn Ribʿī (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "I stand up for the prayer intending to make it long, but then I hear a child crying, so I make my prayer brief, disliking to cause hardship to its mother." Narrated by al-Bukhārī.
وعن جندب بن عبد الله - ﵁ - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُول الله - ﷺ: «مَنْ صَلَّى صَلاةَ الصُّبْحِ فَهُوَ في ذِمَّةِ الله فَلاَ يَطْلُبَنَّكُمُ الله مِنْ ذِمَّته بشَيءٍ، فَإنَّهُ مَنْ يَطْلُبْهُ منْ ذمَّته بشَيءٍ يُدْركْهُ، ثُمَّ يَكُبُّهُ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ في نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ». رواه مسلم.
And from Jundub ibn ʿAbd Allah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Whoever prays the dawn prayer is under the protection of Allah, so let Allah not call you to account for anything regarding His protection; for whomever Allah calls to account for anything regarding His protection, He will seize him, then cast him on his face into the Fire of Hell." Narrated by Muslim.
وعن ابن عمر ﵄: أنَّ رَسُول الله - ﷺ - قَالَ: «المُسْلِمُ أَخُو المُسْلِم، لا يَظْلِمهُ، وَلاَ يُسْلمُهُ. مَنْ كَانَ في حَاجَة أخيه، كَانَ اللهُ في حَاجَته، وَمَنْ فَرَّجَ عَنْ مُسْلِم كُرْبَةً، فَرَّجَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بها كُرْبَةً مِنْ كُرَبِ يَومِ القِيَامَةِ، وَمَنْ سَتَرَ مُسْلِمًا سَتَرَهُ اللهُ يَومَ القِيامَةِ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ.
And from Ibn ʿUmar (may Allah be pleased with them both): The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The Muslim is the brother of the Muslim. He does not wrong him, nor hand him over [to an enemy]. Whoever attends to his brother's need, Allah will attend to his need; whoever relieves a Muslim of a distress, Allah will relieve him by it of a distress from the distresses of the Day of Resurrection; and whoever conceals the faults of a Muslim, Allah will conceal his faults on the Day of Resurrection." Agreed upon.
وعن أَبي هريرة - ﵁ - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُول الله - ﷺ: «المُسْلِمُ أخُو المُسْلِمُ، لاَ يَخُونُهُ، وَلاَ يَكْذِبُهُ، وَلاَ يَخْذُلُهُ، كُلُّ المُسْلِمِ عَلَى المُسْلِم حَرَامٌ عِرْضُهُ وَمَالهُ وَدَمُهُ، التَّقْوى هاهُنَا، بحَسْب امْرىءٍ مِنَ الشَّرِّ أَنْ يَحْقِرَ أخَاهُ المُسْلِم». رواه الترمذي، وَقالَ: «حديث حسن».
And from Abū Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The Muslim is the brother of the Muslim. He does not betray him, nor lie to him, nor forsake him. Everything of the Muslim is inviolable to the Muslim: his honour, his property, and his blood. God-consciousness (taqwā) is here. It is enough evil for a person that he should despise his Muslim brother." Narrated by al-Tirmidhī, who said: "A good (ḥasan) ḥadīth."
وعنه، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُول الله - ﷺ: «لا تَحَاسَدُوا، وَلاَ تَنَاجَشُوا، وَلاَ تَبَاغَضُوا، وَلاَ تَدَابَرُوا، وَلاَ يَبعْ بَعْضُكُمْ عَلَى بَيْع بَعْض، وَكُونُوا عِبَادَ الله إخْوَانًا، المُسْلِمُ أخُو المُسْلم: لاَ يَظْلِمُهُ، وَلا يَحْقِرُهُ، وَلاَ يَخْذُلُهُ، التَّقْوَى هاهُنَا - ويشير إِلَى صدره ثلاث مرات -- بحَسْب امْرىءٍ مِنَ الشَّرِّ أَنْ يَحقِرَ أخَاهُ المُسْلِمَ، كُلُّ المُسْلم عَلَى المُسْلم حَرَامٌ، دَمُهُ ومَالُهُ وعرْضُهُ». رواه مسلم. «النَّجْشُ»: أَنْ يزيدَ في ثَمَنِ سلْعَة يُنَادَى عَلَيْهَا في السُّوقِ وَنَحْوه، وَلاَ رَغْبَةَ لَهُ في شرَائهَا بَلْ يَقْصدُ أَنْ يَغُرَّ غَيْرَهُ، وهَذَا حَرَامٌ. وَ«التَّدَابُرُ»: أَنْ يُعْرضَ عَنِ الإنْسَان ويَهْجُرَهُ وَيَجْعَلهُ كَالشَيءِ الَّذِي وَرَاء الظَّهْر وَالدُّبُر.
And from him (Abū Hurayrah), who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Do not envy one another, do not artificially inflate prices against one another, do not hate one another, do not turn your backs on one another, and let none of you sell over the sale of another. Be, O servants of Allah, brothers. The Muslim is the brother of the Muslim: he does not wrong him, nor despise him, nor forsake him. God-consciousness (taqwā) is here"—and he pointed to his chest three times—"It is enough evil for a person that he should despise his Muslim brother. Everything of the Muslim is inviolable to the Muslim: his blood, his property, and his honour." Narrated by Muslim. *Al-najsh* is to raise the price of a commodity being auctioned in the market or the like, while one has no desire to buy it, but rather intends to deceive another; and this is forbidden. *Al-tadābur* is to turn away from a person, shun him, and treat him like a thing cast behind one's back and rear.
وعن أنس - ﵁ - عن النَّبيّ - ﷺ - قَالَ: «لاَ يُؤمِنُ أحَدُكُمْ حَتَّى يُحِبَّ لأخِيهِ مَا يُحِبُّ لنَفْسِهِ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ.
And from Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), from the Prophet (ﷺ), who said: "None of you [truly] believes until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself." Agreed upon.
وعنه، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُول الله - ﷺ: «انْصُرْ أخَاكَ ظَالمًا أَوْ مَظْلُومًا» فَقَالَ رجل: يَا رَسُول اللهِ، أنْصُرُهُ إِذَا كَانَ مَظْلُومًا، أرَأيْتَ إنْ كَانَ ظَالِمًا كَيْفَ أنْصُرُهُ؟ قَالَ: «تحْجُزُهُ - أَوْ تمْنَعُهُ - مِنَ الظُلْمِ فَإِنَّ ذلِكَ نَصرُهُ». رواه البخاري.
And from him (Anas), who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Help your brother, whether he is a wrongdoer or one who is wronged." A man said: "O Messenger of Allah, I help him when he is wronged, but tell me—if he is a wrongdoer, how am I to help him?" He said: "You restrain him—or prevent him—from wrongdoing; that is your helping him." Narrated by al-Bukhārī.
وعن أَبي هريرة - ﵁: أنَّ رَسُول الله - ﷺ - قَالَ: «حَقُّ المُسْلِم عَلَى المُسْلِم خَمْسٌ: رَدُّ السَّلامِ، وَعِيَادَةُ المَريض، وَاتِّبَاعُ الجَنَائِزِ، وَإجَابَةُ الدَّعْوَة، وتَشْميتُ العَاطِسِ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ. وفي رواية لمسلم: «حَقُّ المُسْلِم عَلَى المُسْلِم سِتٌّ: إِذَا لَقيتَهُ فَسَلِّمْ عَلَيهِ، وَإِذَا دَعَاكَ فَأَجِبْهُ، وإِذَا اسْتَنْصَحَكَ فَانْصَحْ لَهُ، وإِذَا عَطَسَ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ فَشَمِّتْهُ، وَإِذَا مَرِضَ فَعُدْهُ، وَإِذَا مَاتَ فَاتَّبِعْهُ».
And from Abū Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him): The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The right of the Muslim over the Muslim is five: returning the greeting, visiting the sick, following funeral processions, accepting an invitation, and responding to one who sneezes." Agreed upon. In a narration of Muslim: "The right of the Muslim over the Muslim is six: when you meet him, greet him; when he invites you, accept; when he seeks your counsel, advise him sincerely; when he sneezes and praises Allah, respond to him; when he falls ill, visit him; and when he dies, follow [his funeral]."
وعن أَبي عُمَارة البراءِ بن عازب ﵄، قَالَ: أمرنا رَسُول الله - ﷺ - بسبع، ونهانا عن سبع: أمَرَنَا بعيَادَة المَرِيض، وَاتِّبَاعِ الجَنَازَةِ، وتَشْمِيتِ العَاطسِ، وَإبْرار المُقْسِم، ونَصْرِ المَظْلُوم، وَإجَابَةِ الدَّاعِي، وَإِفْشَاءِ السَّلامِ، ونَهَانَا عَنْ خَواتِيمٍ أَوْ تَخَتُّمٍ بالذَّهَبِ، وَعَنْ شُرْبٍ بالفِضَّةِ، وَعَن الميَاثِرِ الحُمْرِ، وَعَن القَسِّيِّ، وَعَنْ لُبْسِ الحَريرِ والإسْتبْرَقِ وَالدِّيبَاجِ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ . وفي رواية: وَإنْشَادِ الضَّالَّةِ في السَّبْعِ الأُوَل. «المَيَاثِرُ» بياء مثَنَّاة قبل الألفِ، وثاء مُثَلَّثَة بعدها: وهي جَمْعُ ميثَرة، وهي شيء يُتَّخَذُ مِنْ حرير وَيُحْشَى قطنًا أَوْ غيره، وَيُجْعَلُ في السَّرْجِ وَكُور البَعير يجلس عَلَيهِ الراكب. «القَسِّيُّ» بفتح القاف وكسر السين المهملة المشددة: وهي ثياب تنسج مِنْ حرير وَكتَّانٍ مختلِطينِ. «وَإنْشَادُ الضَّالَّةِ»: تعريفها.
And from Abū ʿUmārah al-Barāʾ ibn ʿĀzib (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) commanded us with seven things and forbade us from seven. He commanded us to visit the sick, to follow the funeral, to respond to one who sneezes, to fulfil the oath of one who swears an oath, to help the wronged, to accept the invitation of one who invites, and to spread the greeting of peace. And he forbade us from gold signet-rings—or wearing rings of gold—from drinking from silver, from red saddle-cloths, from al-qassī, and from wearing silk, heavy brocade (istabraq), and brocade (dībāj). Agreed upon. In one narration: "and announcing a lost stray" is included among the first seven. *Al-mayāthir*—with a two-dotted yāʾ before the alif and a three-dotted thāʾ after it—is the plural of mītharah; it is something made of silk and stuffed with cotton or the like, placed on the saddle and the camel's saddle-frame for the rider to sit upon. *Al-qassī*—with a fatḥah on the qāf and a kasrah on the doubled unpointed sīn—are garments woven from silk and linen mixed together. *And the announcing of the lost stray* means making it publicly known [to find its owner].