Allah, the Exalted, said:
رياض الصالحينAbū Zakariyyā Muḥyī al-Dīn Yaḥyā ibn Sharaf al-Nawawī٣٣ - باب ملاطفة اليتيم والبنات وسائر الضعفة والمساكين والمنكسرين والإحسان إليهم والشفقة عليهم والتواضع معهم وخفض الجناح لهم
٣٣ - باب ملاطفة اليتيم والبنات وسائر الضعفة والمساكين والمنكسرين والإحسان إليهم والشفقة عليهم والتواضع معهم وخفض الجناح لهم
Do not extend your eyes toward that by which We have given enjoyment to [certain] categories of them [i.e., the disbelievers], and do not grieve over them. And lower your wing [i.e., show kindness] to the believers.
And He, the Exalted, said:
وَٱصْبِرْ نَفْسَكَ مَعَ ٱلَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُم بِٱلْغَدَوٰةِ وَٱلْعَشِىِّ يُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَهُۥ ۖ وَلَا تَعْدُ عَيْنَاكَ عَنْهُمْ تُرِيدُ زِينَةَ ٱلْحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا ۖ وَلَا تُطِعْ مَنْ أَغْفَلْنَا قَلْبَهُۥ عَن ذِكْرِنَا وَٱتَّبَعَ هَوَىٰهُ وَكَانَ أَمْرُهُۥ فُرُطًا
And keep yourself patient [by being] with those who call upon their Lord in the morning and the evening, seeking His face [i.e., acceptance]. And let not your eyes pass beyond them, desiring adornments of the worldly life, and do not obey one whose heart We have made heedless of Our remembrance and who follows his desire and whose affair is ever [in] neglect.1
وَقالَ تَعَالَى:
And He, the Exalted, said:
فَأَمَّا ٱلْيَتِيمَ فَلَا تَقْهَرْ
So as for the orphan, do not oppress [him].
وَقالَ تَعَالَى:
And He, the Exalted, said:
ٱلَّذِينَ هُمْ يُرَآءُونَ
Those who make show [of their deeds]
وعن سعد بن أَبي وَقَّاص - ﵁ - قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ النَّبيِّ - ﷺ - سِتَّةَ نَفَرٍ، فَقَالَ المُشْرِكُونَ للنَّبيِّ - ﷺ: اطْرُدْ هؤلاء لا يَجْتَرِئُونَ عَلَيْنَا، وَكُنْتُ أنَا وَابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ. وَرَجُلٌ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ وَبِلالٌ وَرَجُلاَنِ لَسْتُ أُسَمِّيهِمَا، فَوَقَعَ في نفس رَسُول الله - ﷺ - مَا شَاءَ اللهُ أَنْ يَقَعَ فَحَدَّثَ نَفسَهُ، فَأنْزَلَ اللهُ تعالى: ﴿وَلا تَطْرُدِ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُمْ بِالْغَدَاةِ وَالْعَشِيِّ يُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَهُ﴾ [الأنعام: ٥٢] رواه مسلم.
Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: We were six men with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and the polytheists said to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): “Drive these ones away, so that they will not be emboldened against us.” Present were myself, Ibn Mas'ud, a man from Hudhayl, Bilal, and two other men whom I shall not name. Something then occurred in the heart of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) as Allah willed it to occur, and he debated within himself; whereupon Allah, the Exalted, revealed: “And do not drive away those who call upon their Lord morning and evening, seeking His Face” [Al-An'am: 52]. Narrated by Muslim.
وعن أَبي هُبَيرَة عائِذ بن عمرو المزنِي وَهُوَ مِنْ أهْل بيعة الرضوان - ﵁: أنَّ أبا سُفْيَانَ أتَى عَلَى سَلْمَانَ وَصُهَيْبٍ وَبلاَلٍ في نَفَرٍ، فقالوا: مَا أخَذَتْ سُيُوفُ اللهِ مِنْ عَدُوِّ الله مَأْخَذَهَا، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ - ﵁: أتَقُولُون هَذَا لِشَيْخِ قُرَيْشٍ وَسَيدِهِمْ؟ فَأتَى النَّبيَّ - ﷺ - فَأخْبَرهُ، فَقَالَ: «يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، لَعلَّكَ أغْضَبتَهُمْ؟ لَئِنْ كُنْتَ أغْضَبْتَهُمْ لَقَدْ أغْضَبتَ رَبَّكَ» فَأَتَاهُمْ فَقَالَ: يَا إخْوَتَاهُ، أغْضَبْتُكُمْ؟ قالوا: لاَ، يَغْفِرُ اللهُ لَكَ يَا أُخَيَّ. رواه مسلم. قولُهُ: «مَأْخَذَهَا» أيْ: لَمْ تَسْتَوفِ حقها مِنْهُ. وقوله: «يَا أُخَيَّ»: رُوِي بفتحِ الهمزةِ وكسرِ الخاءِ وتخفيف الياءِ، وَرُوِيَ بضم الهمزة وفتح الخاء وتشديد الياءِ.
On the authority of Abu Hubayra 'A'idh ibn 'Amr al-Muzani — who was among the people of the Pledge of al-Ridwan (may Allah be pleased with him): Abu Sufyan came upon Salman, Suhayb and Bilal, who were among a group of men, and they said: “The swords of Allah have not yet taken their due from the enemy of Allah.” Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “Do you say this to the elder of Quraysh and their master?” He then went to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and informed him, and the Prophet said: “O Abu Bakr, perhaps you have angered them? If you have angered them, you have angered your Lord.” So Abu Bakr came to them and said: “O my brothers, did I anger you?” They said: “No; may Allah forgive you, O my dear brother.” Narrated by Muslim. His statement “their due (ma'khadhaha)” means: it did not exact its full right from him. And as for his statement “O my dear brother (ya ukhayya)”: it has been narrated with a fatha on the hamza, a kasra on the kha and a light ya, and it has also been narrated with a damma on the hamza, a fatha on the kha and a doubled ya.
وعن سهل بن سعد - ﵁ - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُول الله - ﷺ: «أَنَا وَكَافلُ اليَتِيمِ في الجَنَّةِ هَكَذا» وَأَشارَ بالسَّبَّابَةِ وَالوُسْطَى، وَفَرَّجَ بَيْنَهُمَا. رواه البخاري. و«كَافلُ اليَتيم»: القَائِمُ بِأمُوره.
On the authority of Sahl ibn Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “I and the guardian of the orphan will be in Paradise like this,” and he pointed with his forefinger and middle finger, spreading them apart. Narrated by al-Bukhari. The phrase “the guardian of the orphan” means: the one who attends to his affairs.
وعن أَبي هريرة - ﵁ - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُول الله - ﷺ: «كَافلُ اليَتيِم لَهُ أَوْ لِغَيْرِهِ أَنَا وَهُوَ كَهَاتَيْنِ في الجَنَّةِ» وَأَشَارَ الرَّاوِي وَهُوَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أنَس بالسَّبَّابَةِ وَالوُسْطَى. رواه مسلم. وقوله - ﷺ: «اليَتِيمُ لَهُ أَوْ لِغَيرِهِ» مَعْنَاهُ: قَريبُهُ، أَو الأجْنَبيُّ مِنْهُ، فالقَريبُ مِثلُ أَنْ تَكْفَلهُ أمُّهُ أَوْ جَدُّهُ أَوْ أخُوهُ أَوْ غَيرُهُمْ مِنْ قَرَابَتِهِ، والله أعْلَمُ.
On the authority of Abu Hurayra (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The guardian of an orphan — whether the orphan is his own [relative] or another's — he and I will be like these two in Paradise,” and the narrator, who was Malik ibn Anas, pointed with his forefinger and middle finger. Narrated by Muslim. His statement “the orphan, whether his own or another's” means: his relative, or one unrelated to him. As for the relative, it is, for example, that the orphan is cared for by his mother, his grandfather, his brother, or others of his kin. And Allah knows best.
وعنه، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُول الله - ﷺ: «لَيْسَ المِسْكينُ الَّذِي تَرُدُّهُ التَّمْرَةُ وَالتَّمْرَتَانِ، وَلا اللُّقْمَةُ وَاللُّقْمَتَانِ، إِنَّمَا المِسْكِينُ الَّذِي يَتَعَفَّفُ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ. وفي رواية في الصحيحين: «لَيْسَ المِسكِينُ الَّذِي يَطُوفُ عَلَى النَّاسِ تَرُدُّهُ اللُّقْمَةُ واللُّقْمَتانِ، وَالتَّمْرَةُ والتَّمْرَتَانِ، وَلَكِنَّ المِسْكِينَ الَّذِي لاَ يَجِدُ غِنىً يُغْنِيه، وَلاَ يُفْطَنُ بِهِ فَيُتَصَدَّقَ عَلَيهِ، وَلاَ يَقُومُ فَيَسْأَلُ النَّاسَ».
On his authority (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The needy person is not the one who is turned away by a date or two, or a morsel or two; rather, the needy person is the one who refrains from begging.” Agreed upon. And in a narration in the two Sahihs: “The needy person is not the one who goes about among the people and is turned away by a morsel or two, or a date or two; rather, the needy person is the one who does not find the means to suffice himself, whose condition is not noticed so that charity might be given to him, and who does not stand up to beg from people.”
وعنه، عن النَّبيّ - ﷺ - قَالَ: «السَّاعِي عَلَى الأَرْمَلَةِ وَالمِسْكِينِ، كَالمُجَاهِدِ في سَبيلِ اللهِ». وَأَحسَبُهُ قَالَ: «وَكَالقَائِمِ الَّذِي لاَ يَفْتُرُ، وَكَالصَّائِمِ الَّذِي لاَ يُفْطِرُ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ.
On his authority (may Allah be pleased with him), from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who said: “The one who strives on behalf of the widow and the needy is like the one who fights in the way of Allah.” And I think he said: “and like the one who stands in prayer without slackening, and like the one who fasts without breaking his fast.” Agreed upon.
وعنه، عن النَّبيّ - ﷺ - قَالَ: «شَرُّ الطَّعَامِ طَعَامُ الوَلِيمَةِ، يُمْنَعُهَا مَنْ يَأتِيهَا، وَيُدْعَى إِلَيْهَا مَنْ يَأْبَاهَا، وَمَنْ لَمْ يُجِبِ الدَّعْوَةَ فَقَدْ عَصَى اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ». رواه مسلم. وفي رواية في الصحيحين، عن أَبي هريرة من قوله: «بئْسَ الطَّعَامُ طَعَامُ الوَلِيمَةِ يُدْعَى إِلَيْهَا الأغْنِيَاءُ ويُتْرَكُ الفُقَراءُ».
On his authority (may Allah be pleased with him), from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who said: “The worst food is the food of a wedding feast from which those who would come are barred, and to which those who refuse it are invited. Whoever does not answer the invitation has disobeyed Allah and His Messenger.” Narrated by Muslim. And in a narration in the two Sahihs, from Abu Hurayra as his own statement: “Evil is the food of a wedding feast to which the rich are invited while the poor are left out.”
وعن أنس - ﵁ - عن النَّبيّ - ﷺ - قَالَ: «مَنْ عَالَ جَارِيَتَيْن حَتَّى تَبْلُغَا جَاءَ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ أنَا وَهُوَ كَهَاتَيْنِ» وضَمَّ أصَابِعَهُ. رواه مسلم. «جَارِيَتَيْنِ» أيْ: بنتين.
On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who said: “Whoever cares for two girls until they reach maturity will come on the Day of Resurrection — I and he like these two,” and he joined his fingers together. Narrated by Muslim. The word “jariyatayn (two girls)” means: two daughters.
وعن عائشة ﵂، قَالَتْ: دَخَلَتْ عَلَيَّ امْرَأةٌ وَمَعَهَا ابنتانِ لَهَا، تَسْأَلُ فَلَمْ تَجِدْ عِنْدِي شَيئًا غَيْرَ تَمْرَةٍ وَاحدَةٍ، فَأعْطَيْتُهَا إيَّاهَا فَقَسَمَتْهَا بَيْنَ ابْنَتَيْها ولَمْ تَأكُلْ مِنْهَا، ثُمَّ قَامَتْ فَخَرجَتْ، فَدَخَلَ النَّبيُّ - ﷺ - عَلَينَا، فَأخْبَرْتُهُ فَقَالَ: «مَنِ ابْتُليَ مِنْ هذِهِ البَنَاتِ بِشَيءٍ فَأحْسَنَ إلَيْهِنَّ، كُنَّ لَهُ سِترًا مِنَ النَّارِ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ.
On the authority of ʿĀʾishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said: A woman came in to me with her two daughters, asking [for charity], but she found nothing with me except a single date, which I gave to her. She divided it between her two daughters and did not eat any of it herself. Then she got up and left. The Prophet ﷺ then came in to us, and I told him about it. He said: "Whoever is tried with anything from these daughters and is good to them, they will be a shield for him from the Fire." Agreed upon.
وعن عائشة ﵂، قَالَتْ: جَاءتني مِسْكينةٌ تَحْمِلُ ابْنَتَيْنِ لَهَا، فَأطْعَمْتُها ثَلاثَ تَمرَات، فَأعْطَتْ كُلَّ وَاحِدَة مِنْهُمَا تَمْرَةً وَرَفَعتْ إِلَى فِيها تَمْرَةً لِتَأكُلها، فَاسْتَطعَمَتهَا ابْنَتَاهَا، فَشَقَّتِ التَّمْرَةَ الَّتي كَانَتْ تُريدُ أَنْ تَأكُلَهَا بَيْنَهُما، فَأعجَبَنِي شَأنُهَا، فَذَكَرْتُ الَّذِي صَنَعَتْ لرسولِ الله - ﷺ - فَقَالَ: «إنَّ الله قَدْ أوْجَبَ لَهَا بها الجَنَّةَ، أَوْ أعتَقَهَا بِهَا مِنَ النَّارِ». رواه مسلم.
On the authority of ʿĀʾishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said: A destitute woman came to me carrying two daughters of hers, so I fed her three dates. She gave each of the two of them a date and raised a date to her mouth to eat it, but her two daughters asked her for it [too], so she split the date that she had wanted to eat between them. Her conduct amazed me, and I mentioned what she had done to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said: "Indeed Allah has, by it, made Paradise obligatory for her," or "has, by it, freed her from the Fire." Narrated by Muslim.
وعن أَبي شُرَيحٍ خُوَيْلِدِ بن عمرو الخزاعِيِّ - ﵁ - قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبيّ - ﷺ: «اللَّهُمَّ إنِّي أُحَرِّجُ حَقَّ الضَّعِيفَينِ: اليَتِيم وَالمَرْأةِ» حديث حسن رواه النسائي بإسناد جيد. ومعنى «أُحَرِّجُ»: أُلْحِقُ الحَرَجَ وَهُوَ الإثْمُ بِمَنْ ضَيَّعَ حَقَّهُمَا، وَأُحَذِّرُ مِنْ ذلِكَ تَحْذِيرًا بَليغًا، وَأزْجُرُ عَنْهُ زجرًا أكيدًا.
On the authority of Abū Shurayḥ Khuwaylid ibn ʿAmr al-Khuzāʿī (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Prophet ﷺ said: "O Allah, I declare it grievously sinful [to neglect] the right of the two weak ones: the orphan and the woman." A good (ḥasan) ḥadīth, narrated by al-Nasāʾī with a good chain. The meaning of "uḥarriju" is: I attach the grievous burden — that is, the sin — to whoever neglects the right of the two; I warn against that with an emphatic warning, and I forbid it with a firm prohibition.
وعن مصعب بن سعد بن أَبي وقَّاص ﵄، قَالَ: رَأى سعد أنَّ لَهُ فَضْلًا عَلَى مَنْ دُونَهُ، فَقَالَ النَّبيّ - ﷺ: «هَلْ تُنْصرُونَ وتُرْزَقُونَ إلاَّ بِضُعَفَائِكُمْ». رواه البخاري هكذا مُرسلًا، فإن مصعب بن سعد تابعيٌّ، ورواه الحافظ أَبُو بكر البرقاني في صحيحه متصلًا عن مصعب، عن أبيه - ﵁.
On the authority of Muṣʿab ibn Saʿd ibn Abī Waqqāṣ (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: Saʿd thought that he had some superiority over those below him, so the Prophet ﷺ said: "Are you given victory and provision except through your weak ones?" Al-Bukhārī narrated it thus in mursal form, for Muṣʿab ibn Saʿd is a Successor (tābiʿī); and the ḥāfiẓ Abū Bakr al-Barqānī narrated it in his Ṣaḥīḥ in connected (muttaṣil) form, from Muṣʿab, from his father (may Allah be pleased with him).
وعن أَبي الدَّرداءِ عُويمر - ﵁ - قَالَ: سمعتُ رَسُولَ الله - ﷺ - يقول: «ابْغُوني الضُّعَفَاء، فَإنَّمَا تُنْصَرُونَ وتُرْزَقُونَ، بِضُعَفَائِكُمْ». رواه أَبُو داود بإسناد جيد .
On the authority of Abū al-Dardāʾ ʿUwaymir (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: "Seek out the weak for me, for you are given victory and provision only through your weak ones." Narrated by Abū Dāwūd with a good chain.