Allah, the Exalted, said:
رياض الصالحينAbū Zakariyyā Muḥyī al-Dīn Yaḥyā ibn Sharaf al-Nawawī٨٠ - باب وجوب طاعة ولاة الأمر في غير معصية وتحريم طاعتهم في المعصية
٨٠ - باب وجوب طاعة ولاة الأمر في غير معصية وتحريم طاعتهم في المعصية
O you who have believed, obey Allāh and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you. And if you disagree over anything, refer it to Allāh and the Messenger, if you should believe in Allāh and the Last Day. That is the best [way] and best in result.
﵄، - ﷺ -
Ibn `Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported from the Prophet ﷺ that he said: 'Upon the Muslim is to hear and obey in what he likes and dislikes, except when he is commanded with disobedience; for when he is commanded with disobedience, there is no hearing and no obedience.' Agreed upon (al-Bukhārī and Muslim).
وعنه، قَالَ: كُنَّا إِذَا بَايَعْنَا رسولَ الله - ﷺ - عَلَى السَّمعِ والطَّاعَةِ، يَقُولُ لَنَا: «فِيمَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ». متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
He (Ibn `Umar) said: When we pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ upon hearing and obedience, he would say to us: 'In what you are able.' Agreed upon (al-Bukhārī and Muslim).
وعنه، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رسول الله - ﷺ - يقول: «مَنْ خَلَعَ يَدًا مِنْ طَاعَةٍ لَقِيَ اللهَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَلاَ حُجَّةَ لَهُ، وَمَنْ مَاتَ وَلَيْسَ في عُنُقِهِ بَيْعَةٌ، مَاتَ مِيتَةً جَاهِلِيَّةً». رواه مسلم. وفي رواية لَهُ: «وَمَنْ مَاتَ وَهُوَ مُفَارِقٌ لِلجَمَاعَةِ، فَإنَّهُ يَمُوتُ مِيتَةً جَاهِلِيَّةً». «المِيتَةُ» بكسر الميم.
He (Ibn `Umar) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: 'Whoever removes his hand from obedience will meet Allah on the Day of Resurrection with no argument for him; and whoever dies without a pledge of allegiance around his neck dies a death of ignorance.' Narrated by Muslim. In a narration of his: 'And whoever dies whilst separating from the community, he dies a death of ignorance.' 'Al-mītah' — with kasrah on the mīm.
وعن أنسٍ - ﵁ - قَالَ: قَالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ: «اسْمَعُوا وأطِيعُوا، وَإنِ استُعْمِلَ عَلَيْكُمْ عَبْدٌ حَبَشيٌّ، كأنَّ رأْسَهُ زَبيبةٌ». رواه البخاري.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Hear and obey, even if an Abyssinian slave is appointed over you whose head is like a raisin.' Narrated by al-Bukhārī.
وعن أَبي هريرة - ﵁ - قَالَ: قَالَ رسول الله - ﷺ: «عَلَيْكَ السَّمْعُ وَالطَّاعَةُ في عُسْرِكَ وَيُسْرِكَ، وَمَنْشَطِكَ وَمَكْرَهِكَ، وَأثَرَةٍ عَلَيْكَ». رواه مسلم.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Upon you is hearing and obedience in your hardship and ease, in what invigorates you and what you dislike, and when preference is shown over you.' Narrated by Muslim.
وعن عبدِ اللهِ بن عمرو ﵄، قَالَ: كنا مَعَ رسول الله - ﷺ - في سَفَرٍ، فَنَزَلْنَا مَنْزِلًا، فَمِنَّا مَنْ يُصْلِحُ خِبَاءهُ، وَمِنّا مَنْ يَنْتَضِلُ، وَمِنَّا مَنْ هُوَ فِي جَشَرِهِ، إذْ نَادَى مُنَادِي رسولِ الله - ﷺ: الصَّلاةَ جَامِعَةً . فَاجْتَمَعْنَا إِلَى رسولِ الله - ﷺ - فَقَالَ: «إنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ نَبيٌّ قَبْلِي إِلاَّ كَانَ حَقًّا عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَدُلَّ أُمَّتَهُ عَلَى خَيْرِ مَا يَعْلَمُهُ لَهُمْ، وَيُنْذِرَهُم شَرَّ مَا يَعْلَمُهُ لَهُمْ. وَإنَّ أُمَّتَكُمْ هذِهِ جُعِلَ عَافِيَتُهَا في أوَّلِهَا، وَسَيُصيبُ آخِرَهَا بَلاَءٌ وَأمُورٌ تُنْكِرُونَهَا، وَتَجِيءُ فِتنَةٌ يُرَقِّقُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا، وَتَجِيءُ الفتنَةُ فَيقُولُ المُؤْمِنُ: هذه مُهلكتي، ثُمَّ تنكشفُ، وتجيء الفتنةُ فيقولُ المؤمنُ: هذِهِ هذِهِ. فَمَنْ أحَبَّ أَنْ يُزَحْزَحَ عَنِ النَّارِ، ويُدْخَلَ الجَنَّةَ، فَلْتَأتِهِ منيَّتُهُ وَهُوَ يُؤْمِنَ باللهِ واليَوْمِ الآخِرِ، وَلْيَأتِ إِلَى النَّاسِ الَّذِي يُحِبُّ أَنْ يُؤتَى إِلَيْهِ. وَمَنْ بَايَعَ إمَامًا فَأعْطَاهُ صَفْقَةَ يَدِهِ، وَثَمَرَةَ قَلْبِهِ، فَلْيُطِعْهُ إن استَطَاعَ، فإنْ جَاءَ آخَرُ يُنَازِعُهُ فَاضْرِبُوا عُنْقَ الآخَرِ». رواه مسلم. قَوْله: «يَنْتَضِلُ» أيْ: يُسَابِقُ بالرَّمْي بالنَّبل والنُّشَّاب. وَ«الجَشَرُ»: بفتح الجيم والشين المعجمة وبالراء، وهي: الدَّوابُّ الَّتي تَرْعَى وَتَبِيتُ مَكَانَهَا. وَقَوْلُه: «يُرَقِّقُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا» أيْ: يُصَيِّرُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا رقيقًا: أيْ خَفِيفًا لِعِظَمِ مَا بَعْدَهُ، فالثَّانِي يُرَقّقُ الأَوَّلَ. وقيل مَعنَاهُ يُشَوِّقُ بَعْضُهَا إِلَى بَعْضٍ بتحسينهَا وَتَسويلِهَا، وقيل: يُشبِهُ بَعْضُها بَعضًا.
`Abdullāh ibn `Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on a journey. We halted at a stopping-place; some of us were mending their tents, some were competing, and some were with their grazing animals, when the caller of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called out: 'Prayer in congregation!' We gathered to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he said: 'There was no prophet before me except that it was incumbent upon him to guide his community to the best of what he knew for them and to warn them of the worst of what he knew for them. Your community has been granted well-being in its early period; its latter part will be afflicted with trials and matters you will disapprove of. Trials will come in which one will make another seem light; a trial will come and the believer will say: "This is my ruin!" Then it will pass; then a trial will come and the believer will say: "This is it, this is it!" Whoever wishes to be kept far from the Fire and admitted to Paradise, let death come to him whilst he believes in Allah and the Last Day, and let him treat people as he would wish them to treat him. Whoever pledges allegiance to an imām and gives him the clasp of his hand and the sincerity of his heart, let him obey him as far as he is able; for if another comes disputing with him, strike the neck of the other.' Narrated by Muslim. His words 'yantadilu' mean: he competes in shooting arrows and bolts. 'Al-jashar' — with fathah on the jīm and the dotted shīn and with rā' — denotes grazing animals that pasture and remain overnight in their place. His words 'yuraqqiqu ba`duhā ba`dan' mean: one makes another light — that is, insignificant — because of the enormity of what follows it, so the second lightens the first. It is also said: its meaning is that one entices another by embellishing and making it seem fair; and it is also said: one resembles another.
وعن أَبي هُنَيْدَةَ وَائِلِ بن حُجرٍ - ﵁ - قَالَ: سَألَ سَلَمَةُ بن يَزيدَ الجُعفِيُّ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - فَقَالَ: يَا نَبِيَّ الله، أرأيتَ إنْ قامَت عَلَيْنَا أُمَرَاءُ يَسألُونَا حَقَّهُم، وَيمْنَعُونَا حَقَّنَا، فَمَا تَأْمُرُنَا؟ فَأَعْرَضَ عنه، ثُمَّ سَألَهُ، فَقَالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ: «اسْمَعْوا وَأَطِيعُوا، فإنَّمَا عَلَيْهِمْ مَا حُمِّلُوا، وَعَلَيْكُمْ مَا حملْتُمْ». رواه مسلم.
Abu Hunaydah Wā'il ibn Hujr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Salamah ibn Yazīd al-Ju`fī asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: 'O Prophet of Allah, what do you command us if rulers are appointed over us who demand from us our due rights but withhold our due rights from us?' He turned away from him; then he asked him again, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Hear and obey; upon them is only what they have been charged with, and upon you is only what you have been charged with.' Narrated by Muslim.
وعن عبد الله بن مسعود - ﵁ - قَالَ: قَالَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ: «إنَّهَا سَتَكُونُ بَعْدِي أثَرَةٌ وَأُمُورٌ تُنْكِرُونَهَا!» قالوا: يَا رسول الله، كَيْفَ تَأمُرُ مَنْ أدْرَكَ مِنَّا ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: «تُؤَدُّونَ الحَقَّ الَّذِي عَلَيْكُمْ، وَتَسْأَلُونَ اللهَ الَّذِي لَكُمْ». متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
`Abdullāh ibn Mas`ūd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'After me there will be preference shown and matters you will disapprove of!' They said: 'O Messenger of Allah, what do you command whoever among us lives to see that?' He said: 'Fulfil the duty that is upon you, and ask Allah for what is due to you.' Agreed upon (al-Bukhārī and Muslim).
وعن أَبي هريرة - ﵁ - قَالَ: قَالَ رسول الله - ﷺ: «مَنْ أطَاعَنِي فَقَدْ أطَاعَ اللهَ، وَمَنْ عَصَانِي فَقَدْ عَصَى اللهَ، وَمَنْ يُطِعِ الأَمِيرَ فَقَدْ أطَاعَنِي، وَمَنْ يَعصِ الأميرَ فَقَدْ عَصَانِي». متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Whoever obeys me has obeyed Allah, and whoever disobeys me has disobeyed Allah; and whoever obeys the amīr has obeyed me, and whoever disobeys the amīr has disobeyed me.' Agreed upon (al-Bukhārī and Muslim).
وعن ابن عباسٍ ﵄: أن رسول الله - ﷺ - قَالَ: «مَنْ كَره مِنْ أمِيرِهِ شَيْئًا فَلْيَصْبِرْ، فَإنَّهُ مَنْ خَرَجَ مِنَ السُّلطَانِ شِبْرًا مَاتَ مِيتَةً جَاهِلِيَّةً». متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
Ibn `Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Whoever dislikes something from his amīr, let him be patient; for whoever leaves the authority by a handspan dies a death of ignorance.' Agreed upon (al-Bukhārī and Muslim).
وعن أَبي بكرة - ﵁ - قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رسول الله - ﷺ - يقول: «مَنْ أهانَ السُّلطَانَ أَهَانَهُ الله». رواه الترمذي، وقال: «حديث حسن». وفي الباب أحاديث كثيرة في الصحيح. وَقَدْ سبق بعضها في أبواب.
Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: 'Whoever dishonours the sultan, Allah dishonours him.' Narrated by al-Tirmidhī, who said: 'A good (ḥasan) hadith.' In this chapter there are many hadiths in the Ṣaḥīḥ. Some of them have already preceded in other chapters.