Allah, the Exalted, has said:
رياض الصالحينAbū Zakariyyā Muḥyī al-Dīn Yaḥyā ibn Sharaf al-Nawawī٢٨٢ - باب النهي عن تعذيب العبد والدابة والمرأة والولد بغير سبب شرعي أو زائد على قدر الأدب
٢٨٢ - باب النهي عن تعذيب العبد والدابة والمرأة والولد بغير سبب شرعي أو زائد على قدر الأدب
ۖ
Worship Allāh and associate nothing with Him, and to parents do good, and to relatives, orphans, the needy, the near neighbor, the neighbor farther away, the companion at your side,1 the traveler, and those whom your right hands possess. Indeed, Allāh does not like those who are self-deluding and boastful,
﵄: - ﷺ -
And on the authority of Ibn ʿUmar (may Allah be pleased with them both): that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "A woman was punished on account of a cat she imprisoned until it died, and so she entered the Fire because of it: she neither fed it nor gave it drink when she confined it, nor did she leave it to eat from the small creatures of the earth." Agreed upon. "Khashāsh al-arḍ" — with a fatḥah on the dotted khāʾ and with the repeated dotted shīn — means its creeping creatures and its insects.
وَعَنْهُ: أنَّهُ مَرَّ بِفِتْيَانٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ قَدْ نَصَبُوا طَيرًا وَهُمْ يَرْمُونَهُ، وَقَدْ جَعَلُوا لِصَاحِبِ الطَّيْرِ كُلَّ خَاطِئَةٍ مِنْ نَبْلِهمْ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا ابْنَ عُمَرَ تَفَرَّقُوا، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: مَنْ فَعَلَ هَذَا؟ لَعَنَ اللهُ مَنْ فَعَلَ هَذَا، إنَّ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - لَعَنَ مَنِ اتَّخَذَ شَيْئًا فِيهِ الرُّوحُ غَرَضًا. متفق عَلَيْهِ. «الغَرَضُ» بفتحِ الغَين المعجمة والراءِ وَهُوَ الهَدَفُ وَالشَّيءُ الَّذِي يُرْمَى إِلَيْهِ.
And on his authority: that he passed by some young men of Quraysh who had set up a bird and were shooting at it, having assigned to the owner of the bird every arrow of theirs that missed. When they saw Ibn ʿUmar, they dispersed. So Ibn ʿUmar said: "Who did this? May Allah curse whoever did this. Indeed the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) cursed anyone who takes a living thing as a target." Agreed upon. "Al-gharaḍ" — with a fatḥah on the dotted ghayn and the rāʾ — is the target, the thing at which one shoots.
وعن أنس - ﵁ - قَالَ: نهى رسُولُ الله - ﷺ - أن تُصْبَرَ البَهَائِمُ. متفق عَلَيْهِ. ومعناه: تُحْبَسُ لِلقَتْلِ.
And on the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade that animals be made targets [in confinement]. Agreed upon. Its meaning is: that they be confined in order to be killed.
وعن أَبي عليٍّ سويدِ بن مُقَرِّنٍ - ﵁ - قَالَ: لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُنِي سَابِعَ سَبْعَةٍ مِنْ بَنِي مُقَرِّنٍ مَا لَنَا خَادِمٌ إِلاَّ وَاحِدَةٌ لَطَمَهَا أصْغَرُنَا فَأَمَرَنَا رسولُ الله - ﷺ - أَنْ نُعْتِقَهَا. رواه مسلم. وفي روايةٍ: «سَابعَ إخْوَةٍ لِي».
And on the authority of Abū ʿAlī Suwayd ibn Muqarrin (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: I have seen myself as the seventh of seven of the sons of Muqarrin, having no servant but one, whom the youngest of us slapped; so the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ordered us to set her free. Muslim narrated it. And in a narration: "the seventh of brothers of mine."
وعن أَبي مسعودٍ البدْرِيِّ - ﵁ - قَالَ: كُنْتُ أضْرِبُ غُلامًا لِي بالسَّوْطِ، فَسَمِعْتُ صَوْتًا مِنْ خَلْفِي: «اعْلَمْ أَبَا مَسْعُودٍ» فَلَمْ أفْهَمِ الصَّوْتِ مِنَ الغَضَبِ، فَلَمَّا دَنَا مِنِّي إِذَا هُوَ رسولُ الله - ﷺ - فإذا هُوَ يَقُولُ: «اعْلَمْ أَبَا مَسْعُودٍ أنَّ اللهَ أقْدَرُ عَلَيْكَ مِنْكَ عَلَى هَذَا الغُلامِ». فَقُلتُ: لا أضْرِبُ مَمْلُوكًا بَعْدَهُ أَبَدًا. وَفِي روايةٍ: فَسَقَطَ السَّوْطُ مِنْ يَدِي مِنْ هَيْبَتِهِ. وفي روايةٍ: فَقُلتُ: يَا رسولَ الله، هُوَ حُرٌّ لِوَجْهِ اللهِ تَعَالَى، فَقَالَ: «أمَا لَوْ لَمْ تَفْعَلْ، لَلَفَحَتْكَ النَّارُ، أَوْ لَمَسَّتْكَ النَّارُ». رواه مسلم بهذه الروايات.
And on the authority of Abū Masʿūd al-Badrī (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: I was beating a slave-boy of mine with a whip when I heard a voice behind me: "Know, O Abū Masʿūd!" — but I did not make out the voice owing to my anger. When he drew near to me, behold, it was the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and he was saying: "Know, O Abū Masʿūd, that Allah has more power over you than you have over this slave-boy." So I said: I shall never beat a slave after him. And in a narration: the whip fell from my hand out of awe of him. And in a narration: I said: O Messenger of Allah, he is free for the sake of Allah the Exalted; so he said: "Indeed, had you not done [so], the Fire would have scorched you," or: "the Fire would have touched you." Muslim narrated it with these narrations.
وعن ابن عمر ﵄: أنَّ النَّبيَّ - ﷺ - قَالَ: «مَنْ ضَرَبَ غُلاَمًا لَهُ حَدًّا لَمْ يَأتِهِ، أَوْ لَطَمَهُ، فإنَّ كَفَارَتَهُ أَنْ يُعْتِقَهُ». رواه مسلم.
And on the authority of Ibn ʿUmar (may Allah be pleased with them both): that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Whoever strikes a slave-boy of his as a penalty for [an offence] he did not commit, or slaps him, then its expiation is that he set him free." Muslim narrated it.
وعن هِشام بن حكيمِ بن حِزَامٍ ﵄: أنَّه مَرَّ بالشَّامِ عَلَى أُنَاسٍ مِنَ الأَنْبَاطِ، وَقَدْ أُقيِمُوا في الشَّمْسِ، وَصُبَّ عَلَى رُؤُوسِهِمُ الزَّيْتُ! فَقَالَ: مَا هَذَا؟ قيل: يُعَذَّبُونَ في الخَرَاجِ - وفي رواية: حُبِسُوا في الجِزْيَةِ - فَقَالَ هِشَامٌ: أشهدُ لَسَمِعْتُ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - يقولُ: «إنَّ اللهَ يُعَذِّبُ الَّذِينَ يُعَذِّبُونَ النَّاس في الدُّنْيَا». فَدَخَلَ عَلَى الأمِيرِ، فَحَدَّثَهُ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِمْ فَخُلُّوا. رواه مسلم. «الأنباط» الفلاحون مِنَ العَجَمِ.
And on the authority of Hishām ibn Ḥakīm ibn Ḥizām (may Allah be pleased with them both): that he passed in Syria by some people of the Nabateans who had been made to stand in the sun, and oil had been poured upon their heads. So he said: "What is this?" It was said: They are being punished over the land-tax — and in a narration: They were imprisoned over the poll-tax. So Hishām said: I bear witness that I certainly heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) saying: "Indeed Allah punishes those who punish people in this world." Then he went in to the governor and told him [the ḥadīth], and he gave the order concerning them, and they were released. Muslim narrated it. "Al-anbāṭ" are the farmers of the non-Arabs.
وعن ابن عباس ﵄، قَالَ: رأى رسولُ الله - ﷺ - حِمَارًا مَوْسُومَ الوَجْهِ، فَأَنْكَرَ ذَلِكَ؟ فَقَالَ: «واللهِ لا أسِمُهُ إِلاَّ أقْصَى شَيْءٍ مِنَ الوَجْهِ» وأمَرَ بِحِمَارِهِ فَكُوِيَ في جَاعِرَتَيْهِ، فَهُوَ أوَّلُ مَنْ كَوَى الجَاعِرَتَيْنِ. رواه مسلم. «الجَاعِرَتَانِ»: نَاحِيَةُ الوَرِكَيْنِ حَوْلَ الدُّبُرِ.
And on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) saw a donkey branded on the face, and he condemned that, saying: "By Allah, I shall not brand [an animal] except on the farthest part from the face." And he ordered concerning his [own] donkey, and it was branded on its two haunches; so he was the first to brand the two haunches. Muslim narrated it. "Al-jāʿiratān" are the region of the two hips around the rump.
وعنه: أنَّ النبيَّ - ﷺ - مَرَّ عَلَيْهِ حِمَارٌ قَدْ وُسِمَ في وَجْهِهِ، فَقَالَ: «لَعَنَ اللهُ الَّذِي وَسَمَهُ». رواه مسلم. وفي رواية لمسلم أَيضًا: نهى رسول الله - ﷺ - عَنِ الضَّرْبِ في الوَجْهِ، وَعَنِ الوَسْمِ في الوَجْهِ .
And on his authority: that the Prophet (ﷺ) was passed by a donkey that had been branded on its face, so he said: "May Allah curse the one who branded it." Muslim narrated it. And in another narration of Muslim's: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade striking on the face and branding on the face.