Allah the Exalted said:
رياض الصالحينAbū Zakariyyā Muḥyī al-Dīn Yaḥyā ibn Sharaf al-Nawawī١١ - باب في المجاهدة
١١ - باب في المجاهدة
And those who strive for Us - We will surely guide them to Our ways.1 And indeed, Allāh is with the doers of good.
And He the Exalted said:
وَٱعْبُدْ رَبَّكَ حَتَّىٰ يَأْتِيَكَ ٱلْيَقِينُ
And worship your Lord until there comes to you the certainty [i.e., death].
وَقالَ تَعَالَى:
And He the Exalted said:
وَٱذْكُرِ ٱسْمَ رَبِّكَ وَتَبَتَّلْ إِلَيْهِ تَبْتِيلًا
And remember the name of your Lord and devote yourself to Him with [complete] devotion.
أي انْقَطِعْ إِلَيْه، وَقالَ تَعَالَى:
That is: devote yourself wholly to Him. And He the Exalted said:
فَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُۥ
So whoever does an atom's weight1 of good will see it,
وَقالَ تَعَالَى:
And He the Exalted said:
۞ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ تَقُومُ أَدْنَىٰ مِن ثُلُثَىِ ٱلَّيْلِ وَنِصْفَهُۥ وَثُلُثَهُۥ وَطَآئِفَةٌ مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ مَعَكَ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ يُقَدِّرُ ٱلَّيْلَ وَٱلنَّهَارَ ۚ عَلِمَ أَن لَّن تُحْصُوهُ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ ۖ فَٱقْرَءُوا۟ مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنَ ٱلْقُرْءَانِ ۚ عَلِمَ أَن سَيَكُونُ مِنكُم مَّرْضَىٰ ۙ وَءَاخَرُونَ يَضْرِبُونَ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ يَبْتَغُونَ مِن فَضْلِ ٱللَّهِ ۙ وَءَاخَرُونَ يُقَـٰتِلُونَ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ ۖ فَٱقْرَءُوا۟ مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنْهُ ۚ وَأَقِيمُوا۟ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتُوا۟ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَأَقْرِضُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا ۚ وَمَا تُقَدِّمُوا۟ لِأَنفُسِكُم مِّنْ خَيْرٍ تَجِدُوهُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ هُوَ خَيْرًا وَأَعْظَمَ أَجْرًا ۚ وَٱسْتَغْفِرُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌۢ
Indeed, your Lord knows, [O Muḥammad], that you stand [in prayer] almost two thirds of the night or half of it or a third of it, and [so do] a group of those with you. And Allāh determines [the extent of] the night and the day. He has known that you [Muslims] will not be able to do it1 and has turned to you in forgiveness, so recite what is easy [for you] of the Qur’ān. He has known that there will be among you those who are ill and others traveling throughout the land seeking [something] of the bounty of Allāh and others fighting for the cause of Allāh. So recite what is easy from it and establish prayer and give zakāh and loan Allāh a goodly loan.2 And whatever good you put forward for yourselves - you will find it with Allāh. It is better and greater in reward. And seek forgiveness of Allāh. Indeed, Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.
وَقالَ تَعَالَى:
And He the Exalted said:
لِلْفُقَرَآءِ ٱلَّذِينَ أُحْصِرُوا۟ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ ضَرْبًا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ يَحْسَبُهُمُ ٱلْجَاهِلُ أَغْنِيَآءَ مِنَ ٱلتَّعَفُّفِ تَعْرِفُهُم بِسِيمَـٰهُمْ لَا يَسْـَٔلُونَ ٱلنَّاسَ إِلْحَافًا ۗ وَمَا تُنفِقُوا۟ مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِهِۦ عَلِيمٌ
[Charity is] for the poor who have been restricted for the cause of Allāh, unable to move about in the land. An ignorant [person] would think them self-sufficient because of their restraint, but you will know them by their [characteristic] sign. They do not ask people persistently [or at all]. And whatever you spend of good - indeed, Allāh is Knowing of it.
والآيات في الباب كثيرة معلومة.
The verses on this subject are many and well known.
وأما الأحاديث: فالأول: عن أبي هريرة - ﵁ - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُول الله - ﷺ: «إنَّ الله تَعَالَى قَالَ: مَنْ عادى لي وَلِيًّا فَقَدْ آذَنْتُهُ بالحَرْبِ، وَمَا تَقَرَّبَ إِلَيَّ عَبْدي بشَيءٍ أَحَبَّ إلَيَّ مِمَّا افْتَرَضْتُ عَلَيهِ، وَمَا يَزَالُ عَبْدِي يَتَقرَّبُ إلَيَّ بالنَّوافِلِ حَتَّى أحِبَّهُ، فَإذَا أَحبَبتُهُ كُنْتُ سَمعَهُ الَّذِي يَسْمَعُ بِهِ، وَبَصَرَهُ الَّذِي يُبْصِرُ بِهِ، ويَدَهُ الَّتي يَبْطِشُ بِهَا، وَرِجْلَهُ الَّتِي يَمْشي بِهَا، وَإنْ سَأَلَني أعْطَيْتُهُ، وَلَئِنِ اسْتَعَاذَنِي لأُعِيذَنَّهُ». رواه البخاري. «آذَنتُهُ»: أعلمته بأني محارِب لَهُ. «اسْتَعَاذَني» روي بالنون وبالباءِ.
As for the hadiths: the first: On the authority of Abū Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Allah the Exalted has said: Whoever shows enmity to a friend (walī) of Mine, I have declared war upon him. My servant draws near to Me with nothing more beloved to Me than what I have made obligatory upon him; and My servant continues to draw near to Me with voluntary acts (nawāfil) until I love him. And when I love him, I become his hearing with which he hears, his sight with which he sees, his hand with which he grasps, and his foot with which he walks. Were he to ask of Me, I would surely give him; and were he to seek refuge in Me, I would surely grant him refuge.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī. “Ādhantuhu” means: I have informed him that I am at war with him. “Istaʿādhanī” is narrated both with a nūn and with a bāʾ.
الثاني: عن أنس - ﵁ - عن النَّبيّ - ﷺ - فيما يرويه عن ربّه - ﷿ - قَالَ: «إِذَا تَقَربَ العَبْدُ إلَيَّ شِبْرًا تَقَربْتُ إِلَيْه ذِرَاعًا، وَإِذَا تَقَرَّبَ إلَيَّ ذِرَاعًا تَقَربْتُ مِنهُ بَاعًا، وِإذَا أتَانِي يَمشي أتَيْتُهُ هَرْوَلَةً» رواه البخاري.
The second: On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), in what he relates from his Lord (Mighty and Majestic is He), who said: “When the servant draws near to Me a hand-span, I draw near to him an arm’s length; and when he draws near to Me an arm’s length, I draw near to him a fathom; and when he comes to Me walking, I come to him hastening.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī.
الثالث: عن ابن عباس ﵄، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُول الله - ﷺ: «نِعْمَتَانِ مَغبونٌ فيهما كَثيرٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ: الصِّحَّةُ، وَالفَرَاغُ». رواه البخاري.
The third: On the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “There are two blessings in which many people are cheated: good health and free time.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī.
الرابع: عن عائشة ﵂: أنَّ النَّبيّ - ﷺ - كَانَ يقُومُ مِنَ اللَّيلِ حَتَّى تَتَفَطَّرَ قَدَمَاهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: لِمَ تَصنَعُ هَذَا يَا رسولَ الله، وَقدْ غَفَرَ الله لَكَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِكَ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ؟ قَالَ: «أَفَلا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أكُونَ عَبْدًا شَكُورًا». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ، هَذَا لفظ البخاري. ونحوه في الصحيحين من رواية المغيرة بن شعبة.
The fourth: On the authority of ʿĀʾishah (may Allah be pleased with her): that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to stand [in prayer] at night until his feet became cracked. I said to him: “Why do you do this, O Messenger of Allah, when Allah has forgiven you your former and latter sins?” He said: “Should I not love to be a grateful servant?” Agreed upon; this is al-Bukhārī’s wording. The like of it is in the two Ṣaḥīḥs from the narration of al-Mughīrah ibn Shuʿbah.
الخامس: عن عائشة ﵂، أنَّها قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُول الله - ﷺ - إِذَا دَخَلَ العَشْرُ أَحْيَا اللَّيلَ، وَأَيْقَظَ أَهْلَهُ، وَجَدَّ وَشَدَّ المِئْزَر. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ. والمراد: العشر الأواخر مِنْ شهر رمضان. و«المِئْزَرُ»: الإزار، وَهُوَ كناية عن اعتزالِ النساءِ. وقيلَ: المُرادُ تَشْمِيرُهُ للِعِبَادةِ، يُقالُ: شَدَدْتُ لِهَذَا الأمْرِ مِئْزَري: أي تَشَمَّرْتُ وَتَفَرَّغْتُ لَهُ.
The fifth: On the authority of ʿĀʾishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said: When the [last] ten [nights] entered, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would spend the night in worship, awaken his family, strive hard, and tighten his waist-wrapper. Agreed upon. What is meant is the last ten [nights] of the month of Ramaḍān. “Al-miʾzar” means the waist-wrapper, and it is a figurative expression for keeping apart from women. It is also said that what is meant is his girding himself for worship; one says, “I tightened my waist-wrapper for this matter,” meaning: I rolled up my sleeves and devoted myself wholly to it.
السادس: عن أبي هريرة - ﵁ - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُول الله - ﷺ: «المُؤْمِنُ القَوِيُّ خَيرٌ وَأَحَبُّ إِلَى اللهِ مِنَ المُؤْمِنِ الضَّعيفِ وَفي كُلٍّ خَيرٌ . احْرِصْ عَلَى مَا يَنْفَعُكَ، واسْتَعِنْ بِاللهِ وَلاَ تَعْجَزْ. وَإنْ أَصَابَكَ شَيءٌ فَلاَ تَقُلْ لَوْ أنّي فَعَلْتُ كَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَلَكِنْ قُلْ: قَدرُ اللهِ، وَمَا شَاءَ فَعلَ؛ فإنَّ لَوْ تَفْتَحُ عَمَلَ الشَّيطَانِ». رواه مسلم.
The sixth: On the authority of Abū Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The strong believer is better and more beloved to Allah than the weak believer, though in each there is good. Be keen on what benefits you, seek help from Allah, and do not give up. And if something befalls you, do not say, 'Had I done such-and-such, it would have been so-and-so,' but rather say, 'It is the decree of Allah; and what He wills, He does,' for [the word] 'if only' opens the way to the work of Satan." Narrated by Muslim.
السابع: عَنْهُ: أنَّ رَسُول الله - ﷺ - قَالَ: «حُجِبَتِ النَّارُ بالشَّهَواتِ، وَحُجِبَتِ الجَنَّةُ بِالمَكَارِهِ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ. وفي رواية لمسلم: «حُفَّتْ» بدل «حُجِبَتْ» وَهُوَ بمعناه: أي بينه وبينها هَذَا الحجاب فإذا فعله دخلها.
The seventh: On his authority [too] — that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The Fire is veiled by desires, and Paradise is veiled by hardships." Agreed upon. In a narration of Muslim there is "ḥuffat" (it is encircled) in place of "ḥujibat" (it is veiled), and it carries the same meaning: that is, between a person and it lies this veil, so when he does [what overcomes it] he enters it.
الثامن: عن أبي عبد الله حُذَيفَةَ بنِ اليمانِ ﵄، قَالَ: صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ النَّبيّ - ﷺ - ذَاتَ لَيلَةٍ فَافْتَتَحَ البقَرَةَ، فَقُلْتُ: يَرْكَعُ عِنْدَ المئَةِ، ثُمَّ مَضَى. فَقُلْتُ: يُصَلِّي بِهَا في ركعَة فَمَضَى، فقُلْتُ: يَرْكَعُ بِهَا، ثُمَّ افْتَتَحَ النِّسَاءَ فَقَرَأَهَا، ثُمَّ افْتَتَحَ آلَ عِمْرَانَ فَقَرَأَهَا، يَقرَأُ مُتَرَسِّلًا: إِذَا مَرَّ بآية فِيهَا تَسبيحٌ سَبَّحَ، وَإذَا مَرَّ بسُؤَالٍ سَأَلَ، وَإذَا مَرَّ بتَعَوُّذٍ تَعَوَّذَ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ، فَجَعَلَ يَقُولُ: «سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ العَظِيمِ» فَكَانَ رُكُوعُهُ نَحوًا مِنْ قِيَامِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ، رَبَّنَا لَكَ الحَمْدُ» ثُمَّ قَامَ طَويلًا قَريبًا مِمَّا رَكَعَ، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ، فَقَالَ: «سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الأَعْلَى» فَكَانَ سُجُودُهُ قَريبًا مِنْ قِيَامِهِ. رواه مسلم.
The eighth: On the authority of Abū ʿAbd Allah Ḥudhayfah ibn al-Yamān (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: One night I prayed with the Prophet ﷺ, and he began [reciting] Sūrat al-Baqarah. I said [to myself], "He will bow at the hundredth verse," but he continued. So I said, "He will pray [the whole sūrah] in a single rakʿah," but he continued. So I said, "He will bow with it," but then he began Sūrat al-Nisāʾ and recited it, then he began Sūrat Āl ʿImrān and recited it — reciting unhurriedly: whenever he passed a verse containing glorification he glorified [Allah], whenever he passed a verse of asking he asked, and whenever he passed a verse of seeking refuge he sought refuge. Then he bowed and began to say, "Glory be to my Lord, the Magnificent," and his bowing was about the length of his standing. Then he said, "Allah hears whoever praises Him; our Lord, to You belongs [all] praise," then he stood long, close to [the length of] his bowing. Then he prostrated and said, "Glory be to my Lord, the Most High," and his prostration was close to [the length of] his standing. Narrated by Muslim.
التاسع: عن ابن مسعود - ﵁ - قَالَ: صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ النَّبيّ - ﷺ - لَيلَةً، فَأَطَالَ القِيامَ حَتَّى هَمَمْتُ بأمْرِ سُوءٍ! قيل: وَمَا هَمَمْتَ بِهِ؟ قَالَ: هَمَمْتُ أَنْ أجْلِسَ وَأَدَعَهُ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ.
The ninth: On the authority of Ibn Masʿūd (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: One night I prayed with the Prophet ﷺ, and he prolonged the standing until I resolved upon an evil thing. It was said: "And what did you resolve upon?" He said: "I resolved to sit down and abandon him [i.e., to break off from following him in the prayer]." Agreed upon.
العاشر: عن أنس - ﵁ - عن رَسُول الله - ﷺ - قَالَ: «يَتْبَعُ المَيتَ ثَلاَثَةٌ: أهْلُهُ وَمَالُهُ وَعَملُهُ، فَيَرجِعُ اثنَانِ وَيَبْقَى وَاحِدٌ: يَرجِعُ أهْلُهُ وَمَالُهُ، وَيَبقَى عَملُهُ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ.
The tenth: On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who said: "Three things follow the deceased [to the grave]: his family, his wealth, and his deeds. Two return and one remains: his family and his wealth return, and his deeds remain." Agreed upon.
الحادي عشر: عن ابن مسعود - ﵁ - قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبيّ - ﷺ: «الجَنَّةُ أَقْرَبُ إِلَى أَحَدِكُمْ مِنْ شِرَاكِ نَعْلِهِ ، وَالنَّارُ مِثلُ ذلِكَ». رواه البخاري.
The eleventh: On the authority of Ibn Masʿūd (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Prophet ﷺ said: "Paradise is nearer to one of you than the strap of his sandal, and the Fire is likewise." Narrated by al-Bukhārī.
الثاني عشر: عن أبي فِراسٍ ربيعةَ بنِ كعبٍ الأسلميِّ خادِمِ رَسُول الله - ﷺ - ومن أهلِ الصُّفَّةِ ﵁ - قَالَ: كُنْتُ أبِيتُ مَعَ رسولِ الله - ﷺ - فآتِيهِ بِوَضُوئِهِ وَحَاجَتِهِ، فَقَالَ: «سَلْنِي» فقُلْتُ: اسْأَلُكَ مُرَافَقَتَكَ في الجَنَّةِ. فَقَالَ: «أَوَ غَيرَ ذلِكَ»؟ قُلْتُ: هُوَ ذَاكَ، قَالَ: «فأَعِنِّي عَلَى نَفْسِكَ بِكَثْرَةِ السُّجُودِ». رواه مسلم.
The twelfth: On the authority of Abū Firās Rabīʿah ibn Kaʿb al-Aslamī — the servant of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and one of the People of the Bench (Ahl al-Ṣuffah), may Allah be pleased with him — who said: I used to spend the night with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and I would bring him his water for ablution and whatever he needed. He said to me: "Ask me [for something]." I said: "I ask you for your companionship in Paradise." He said: "Or [do you ask] something other than that?" I said: "That is it." He said: "Then help me [to grant you that] regarding yourself by [making] abundant prostration." Narrated by Muslim.
الثالث عشر: عن أبي عبد الله، ويقال: أَبُو عبد الرحمان ثوبان - مولى رَسُول الله - ﷺ - ﵁ - قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رسولَ الله - ﷺ - يَقُولُ: «عَلَيْكَ بِكَثْرَةِ السُّجُودِ؛ فَإِنَّكَ لَنْ تَسْجُدَ للهِ سَجْدَةً إلاَّ رَفَعَكَ اللهُ بِهَا دَرجَةً، وَحَطَّ عَنكَ بِهَا خَطِيئةً». رواه مسلم.
The thirteenth: On the authority of Abū ʿAbd Allah — and it is [also] said: Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān — Thawbān, the freed servant of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: "Take to abundant prostration, for you will not prostrate to Allah a single prostration except that, by it, Allah raises you a degree and removes from you a sin." Narrated by Muslim.
الرابع عشر: عن أَبي صَفوان عبد الله بنِ بُسْرٍ الأسلمي - ﵁ - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُول الله - ﷺ: «خَيرُ النَّاسِ مَنْ طَالَ عُمُرهُ، وَحَسُنَ عَمَلُهُ». رواه الترمذي، وَقالَ: «حديث حسن». «بُسْر» بضم الباء وبالسين المهملة.
The fourteenth: On the authority of Abū Ṣafwān ʿAbd Allah ibn Busr al-Aslamī (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The best of people is the one whose life is long and whose deeds are good." Narrated by al-Tirmidhī, who said: "A good (ḥasan) hadith." [The name] "Busr" is [pronounced] with a ḍammah on the bāʾ and with the undotted sīn.
الخامس عشر: عن أنس - ﵁ - قَالَ: غَابَ عَمِّي أَنَسُ بْنُ النَّضْرِ - ﵁ - عن قِتالِ بدرٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا رسولَ الله، غِبْتُ عَنْ أوّل قِتال قَاتَلْتَ المُشْرِكِينَ، لَئِن اللهُ أشْهَدَنِي قِتَالَ المُشركِينَ لَيُرِيَنَّ اللهُ مَا أصْنَعُ. فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَومُ أُحُدٍ انْكَشَفَ المُسْلِمونَ، فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ أعْتَذِرُ إلَيْكَ مِمَّا صَنَعَ هؤُلاءِ - يعني: أصْحَابهُ - وأبْرَأُ إلَيْكَ مِمَّا صَنَعَ هؤُلاءِ - يَعني: المُشركِينَ - ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ فَاسْتَقْبَلهُ سَعدُ بْنُ مُعاذٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا سعدَ بنَ معاذٍ، الجَنَّةُ وربِّ الكعْبَةِ إنِّي أجِدُ ريحَهَا منْ دُونِ أُحُدٍ. قَالَ سعدٌ: فَمَا اسْتَطَعتُ يَا رسولَ الله مَا صَنَعَ! قَالَ أنسٌ: فَوَجَدْنَا بِهِ بِضْعًا وَثَمانينَ ضَربَةً بالسَّيفِ، أَوْ طَعْنةً بِرمْحٍ، أَوْ رَمْيَةً بسَهْمٍ، وَوَجَدْنَاهُ قَدْ قُتِلَ وَمَثَّلَ بِهِ المُشْرِكونَ فما عَرَفهُ أَحَدٌ إلاَّ أُخْتُهُ بِبَنَانِهِ. قَالَ أنس: كُنَّا نَرَى أَوْ نَظُنُّ أن هذِهِ الآية نزلت فِيهِ وفي أشباهه: ﴿مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ رِجَالٌ صَدَقُوا مَا عَاهَدُوا اللهَ عَلَيْهِ﴾ [الأحزاب: ٢٣] إِلَى آخِرها. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ. قوله: «لَيُرِيَنَّ اللهُ» روي بضم الياء وكسر الراء: أي لَيُظْهِرَنَّ اللهُ ذلِكَ للنَّاس، وَرُويَ بفتحهما ومعناه ظاهر، والله أعلم.
The fifteenth: On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: My uncle Anas ibn al-Naḍr (may Allah be pleased with him) was absent from the fighting at Badr, and he said: "O Messenger of Allah, I was absent from the first fighting in which you fought the polytheists; if Allah lets me witness fighting the polytheists [hereafter], Allah will surely see what I do." Then, when the day of Uḥud came and the Muslims gave way, he said: "O Allah, I excuse myself to You for what these [men] did" — meaning his companions — "and I disown before You what these [men] did" — meaning the polytheists. Then he advanced, and Saʿd ibn Muʿādh met him, so he said: "O Saʿd ibn Muʿādh — Paradise! By the Lord of the Kaʿbah, I smell its fragrance coming from beyond Uḥud." Saʿd said: "And I could not do, O Messenger of Allah, what he did!" Anas said: We found upon him some eighty-odd blows from a sword, or a stab from a spear, or a shot from an arrow; and we found him slain, the polytheists having mutilated him, so that no one recognised him except his sister, by his fingertips. Anas said: We used to think — or suppose — that this verse was revealed concerning him and those like him: "Among the believers are men who were true to what they pledged to Allah" [al-Aḥzāb: 23], to its end. Agreed upon. His words "layuriyanna Allāh" ("Allah will surely show") are narrated with a ḍammah on the yāʾ and a kasrah on the rāʾ, that is, "Allah will surely make that manifest to the people"; and it is [also] narrated with a fatḥah on both, and its meaning is evident. And Allah knows best.
السادس عشر: عن أبي مسعود عقبة بن عمرو الأنصاري البدري - ﵁ - قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ آيةُ الصَّدَقَةِ كُنَّا نُحَامِلُ عَلَى ظُهُورِنَا، فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ فَتَصَدَّقَ بِشَيءٍ كَثيرٍ، فقالوا: مُراءٍ، وَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ آخَرُ فَتَصَدَّقَ بِصَاعٍ، فقالُوا: إنَّ اللهَ لَغَنيٌّ عَنْ صَاعِ هَذَا! فَنَزَلَتْ: ﴿الَّذِينَ يَلْمِزُونَ الْمُطَّوِّعِينَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ وَالَّذِينَ لا يَجِدُونَ إِلاَّ جُهْدَهُمْ﴾ [التوبة: ٧٩]. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيهِ، هذا لفظ البخاري . وَ«نُحَامِلُ» بضم النون وبالحاء المهملة: أي يحمل أحدنا عَلَى ظهره بالأجرة ويتصدق بِهَا.
The sixteenth: On the authority of Abū Masʿūd ʿUqbah ibn ʿAmr al-Anṣārī al-Badrī (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: When the verse of charity was revealed, we used to carry loads on our backs [for a wage, to give in charity]. A man came and gave a great deal in charity, and they said: "He is showing off." Another man came and gave a single ṣāʿ, and they said: "Surely Allah has no need of this man's ṣāʿ!" So there was revealed: "Those who find fault with the believers who give charity voluntarily, and with those who find nothing [to give] but their utmost effort..." [al-Tawbah: 79]. Agreed upon; this is al-Bukhārī's wording. And [the word] "nuḥāmil" is [pronounced] with a ḍammah on the nūn and with the undotted ḥāʾ: that is, one of us would carry [a load] on his back for a wage and give it in charity.
السابع عشر: عن سعيد بن عبد العزيز، عن ربيعة بن يزيد، عن أَبي إدريس الخولاني، عن أبي ذر جندب بن جُنادة - ﵁ - عن النَّبيّ - ﷺ - فيما يروي، عن اللهِ ﵎، أنَّهُ قَالَ: «يَا عِبَادي، إنِّي حَرَّمْتُ الظُلْمَ عَلَى نَفْسي وَجَعَلْتُهُ بيْنَكم مُحَرَّمًا فَلا تَظَالَمُوا. يَا عِبَادي، كُلُّكُمْ ضَالّ إلاَّ مَنْ هَدَيْتُهُ فَاستَهدُوني أهْدِكُمْ. يَا عِبَادي، كُلُّكُمْ جَائِعٌ إلاَّ مَنْ أطْعَمْتُهُ فَاستَطعِمُوني أُطْعِمْكُمْ. يَا عِبَادي، كُلُّكُمْ عَارٍ إلاَّ مَنْ كَسَوْتُهُ فاسْتَكْسُونِي أكْسُكُمْ. يَا عِبَادي، إنَّكُمْ تُخْطِئُونَ باللَّيلِ وَالنَّهارِ وَأَنَا أغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ جَمِيعًا فَاسْتَغْفِرُوني أغْفِرْ لَكُمْ. يَا عِبَادي، إنَّكُمْ لَنْ تَبْلُغوا ضُرِّي فَتَضُرُّوني، وَلَنْ تَبْلُغُوا نَفعِي فَتَنْفَعُوني. يَا عِبَادي، لَوْ أنَّ أوَّلَكُمْ وَآخِرَكُمْ وَإِنْسَكُمْ وَجنَّكُمْ كَانُوا عَلَى أتْقَى قَلْبِ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ مِنْكُمْ مَا زَادَ ذلِكَ في مُلكي شيئًا. يَا عِبَادي، لَوْ أنَّ أوَّلَكُمْ وَآخِرَكُمْ وَإِنْسَكُمْ وَجنَّكُمْ كَانُوا عَلَى أفْجَرِ قَلْبِ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ مِنْكُمْ مَا نَقَصَ ذلِكَ من مُلكي شيئًا. يَا عِبَادي، لَوْ أنَّ أوَّلَكُمْ وَآخِرَكُمْ وَإِنْسَكُمْ وَجنَّكُمْ قَامُوا في صَعِيدٍ وَاحِدٍ فَسَألُوني فَأعْطَيتُ كُلَّ إنْسَانٍ مَسْألَتَهُ مَا نَقَصَ ذلِكَ مِمَّا عِنْدِي إلاَّ كما يَنْقصُ المِخْيَطُ إِذَا أُدْخِلَ البَحْرَ. يَا عِبَادي، إِنَّمَا هِيَ أعْمَالُكُمْ أُحْصِيهَا لَكُمْ ثُمَّ أوَفِّيكُمْ إِيَّاهَا، فَمَنْ وَجَدَ خَيرًا فَلْيَحْمَدِ الله وَمَنْ وَجَدَ غَيْرَ ذلِكَ فَلا يَلُومَنَّ إلاَّ نَفْسَهُ». قَالَ سعيد: كَانَ أَبُو إدريس إِذَا حَدَّثَ بهذا الحديث جَثا عَلَى رُكبتيه. رواه مسلم. وروينا عن الإمام أحمد بن حنبل ﵀، قَالَ: لَيْسَ لأهل الشام حديث أشرف من هَذَا الحديث .
The seventeenth: On the authority of Saʿīd ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, from Rabīʿah ibn Yazīd, from Abū Idrīs al-Khawlānī, from Abū Dharr Jundub ibn Junādah (may Allah be pleased with him), from the Prophet ﷺ, in what he relates from his Lord, Mighty and Majestic, that He said: "O My servants, I have forbidden injustice for Myself and have made it forbidden among you, so do not wrong one another. O My servants, all of you are astray except whom I have guided, so seek guidance from Me and I will guide you. O My servants, all of you are hungry except whom I have fed, so seek food from Me and I will feed you. O My servants, all of you are naked except whom I have clothed, so seek clothing from Me and I will clothe you. O My servants, you sin by night and by day, and I forgive all sins, so seek My forgiveness and I will forgive you. O My servants, you will never reach [the power] to harm Me so as to harm Me, nor will you reach [the power] to benefit Me so as to benefit Me. O My servants, were the first of you and the last of you, your humankind and your jinn, to be as God-fearing as the most God-fearing heart of any single man among you, that would not increase My dominion in anything. O My servants, were the first of you and the last of you, your humankind and your jinn, to be as wicked as the most wicked heart of any single man among you, that would not decrease My dominion in anything. O My servants, were the first of you and the last of you, your humankind and your jinn, to stand upon a single plain and ask of Me, and I gave each person his request, that would not decrease what is with Me, save as a needle decreases [the sea] when it is dipped into it. O My servants, it is only your deeds that I record for you, then I repay you in full for them; so whoever finds good, let him praise Allah, and whoever finds otherwise, let him blame none but himself." Saʿīd said: Whenever Abū Idrīs related this hadith, he would kneel upon his knees. Narrated by Muslim. And we have related on the authority of the Imam Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal (may Allah have mercy on him) that he said: There is no hadith for the people of al-Shām nobler than this hadith.