ستّةٌSix لاnot يسقطونare excluded بحال:in any case: الأبوان،the two parents, والزوجان،and the spouses, والابن،and the son, والبنت.and the daughter.
Six are never excluded in any case: the two parents, the spouses, the son, and the daughter.
فصل [في الحجب]
Chapter on exclusion (ḥajb)
ومَنAnd whoever سواهمbesides them منof الورثة،the heirs, فالأقربso the nearer يحجبexcludes الأبعد،the more distant, وضابطه:and its rule: أنّthat كلَّeveryone مَنwho انتسبtraced lineage إلىto الميتthe deceased بواسطةthrough an intermediary لاnot يرثinherits معwith وجودpresence تلكof that الواسطةintermediary إلاexcept الأخوةthe brothers لأمّ.by the mother.
Of other heirs besides them, the nearer excludes the more distant; its rule is: everyone who traces to the deceased through an intermediary does not inherit when that intermediary exists, except uterine brothers.
ويسقطAnd are excluded الأجدادthe grandfathers بالأب،by the father, والجدّاتand the grandmothers منfrom الجهتينthe two sides بالأمّ.by the mother.
Grandfathers are excluded by the father; grandmothers on both sides by the mother.
والأبوياتAnd paternal half-siblings خاصّةspecifically بالأب.to the father.
Paternal half-siblings belong specifically to the father.
وأولادAnd children الابنof the son بالابن.by the son.
Sons’ children are excluded by the son.
والأخوةAnd the brothers والأخواتand sisters بالابنby the son وابنand son الابنof the son والأبand the father والجدّ.and the grandfather.
Brothers and sisters are excluded by the son, son’s son, father, and grandfather.
وأولادAnd children الأبof the paternal uncle بهؤلاءby these وبالأخand by the brother لأبby father وأم.and mother.
Paternal uncles’ children are excluded by these and by the full brother.
والبعدىAnd the more distant منof الجدّاتthe grandmothers تحجبis excluded بالقربىby the nearer منfrom أيany جهةline كانت.she was.
The more distant of the grandmothers is excluded by the nearer, from whichever line she may be.
وأولادAnd children الأمّof the mother بالولدby the child وولدand child’s الابنson والأبand the father والجد.and the grandfather.
Mother’s children are excluded by the child, child’s child, father, and grandfather.
وإذاAnd when أخذتtook البناتthe daughters الثلثينthe two-thirds سَقَطَتdrop out بناتdaughters الابنof the son إلاunless أنthat يكونbe معهنّwith them أوor أَسفلlower منهنّthan them ذكرmale فيعصبهنّ.so he makes them residuary.
When daughters take the two-thirds, sons’ daughters drop out, unless with them or below them is a male who makes them residuary.
وإذاAnd when أخذتtook الأخواتthe sisters لأبby father وأمand mother الثلثينthe two-thirds سقطتdrop out الأخواتthe sisters لأبby father إلاunless أنthat يكونbe معهنّwith them أخbrother فيعصبهنّ.so he makes them residuary.
When full sisters take the two-thirds, paternal half-sisters drop out, unless with them is a brother who makes them residuary.
والمحجوبAnd the excluded يَحْجِبexcludes كالأخوينlike the two siblings معwith الأبthe father وأمand mother لاnot يرثانthey inherit معwith الأب،the father, ولكنbut يحجبانthey exclude الأمthe mother منfrom الثلثِthe third إلىto السدس،the sixth, وأمand mother الأبof the father معwith الأبthe father تحجبexcludes أمmother أمof mother الأم.of the mother.
The excluded heir may exclude others: like the two uterine siblings with father and mother—they do not inherit with the father, but they reduce the mother from the third to the sixth; the father’s mother with the father excludes the mother’s mother’s mother.
والمحرومAnd the disinherited لاnot يَحْجِب.excludes.
The disinherited person does not exclude.
وأسبابAnd causes الحرمانof disinheritance أربعةfour :: 1.1.
The causes of disinheritance are four: 1.
الرقّSlavery كاملاًcomplete كانwhether it were أوor ناقصاً.defective.
Slavery, complete or defective.
2.2. والقتلAnd the killing الذيwhich يجبobliges بهwith it القصاصretaliation أوor الكفارة.expiation.
2. Homicide that obliges retaliation (qiṣāṣ) or expiation (kaffāra).
3.3. واختلافAnd difference الدينين.of the two religions.
3. Difference of religion.
4.4. واختلافAnd difference الدارينof the two abodes حقيقةًin fact أوor حكماً.by legal ruling.
4. Difference of abode (dār), in fact or by legal ruling.