كتاب الجهاد — تمهيد

It is a communal obligation (farḍ kifāyah), even if the disbelievers do not initiate [hostilities].

And jihād is not incumbent upon a slave, a woman, a blind person, one paralysed, or one missing a limb—unless the enemy attacks.

Calling [people] to Islām is given precedence.

Then [comes] the jizyah.

So if they refuse both [sc. Islam and jizyah], they are fought with weapons, mangonels, water, and fire, with cutting trees and destroying crops.

They may be targeted [with missiles], even if they take shelter behind Muslims.

Taking women and muṣḥafs [copies of the Qur’an] out [to war] is disliked if harm to them is feared.

Embezzling spoils (ghulūl), mutilation, treachery, and killing an insane person, a child, or a woman—except the queen—or the frail elder, the blind, the paralysed, and their like are unlawful, unless to ward off the evil of his fighting or his counsel.

It is disliked for a Muslim to kill his disbelieving father except to ward off harm from him, as [when killing] a Muslim.

The Imām may make peace gratuitously or for money, receiving or paying; he may annul it after declaration when he sees public interest [in doing so]; if they begin with treachery, notification is not obligatory.

Selling weapons, iron, or horses to them is forbidden, even when they are at peace—unlike food and clothing.

When a free Muslim grants them security it is valid and binding unless the Imām annuls it; security [given] by a dhimmī, a prisoner, a trader, a Muslim who has not emigrated, or a slave not authorised for fighting is not valid.