Chapter on istinjāʾ (cleansing after answering the call of nature) — Tuḥfat al-Mulūk

Ruling131

4 notes

It is sunna after urine and stool and the like, with any purifying remover, to wipe the place until it is clean; a fixed number is not sunna.

From the editors

1.

Such as stones, clay, sand, or toilet paper. See: al-Mishkāt, p. 17.

2.

This is because water removes the actual impurity, unlike others, which only reduce the impurity.

3.

The consideration in fulfilling the Sunnah is cleanliness, not the number of stones. If one achieves cleanliness with a single stone, it is sufficient. However, if cleanliness is not achieved with three stones, one should continue until it is accomplished.

4.

This is because the body has a natural heat that draws impurities, and stones or similar objects cannot completely remove it, according to consensus, as mentioned in al-Hadiyah (p. 33). The permissibility of using stones or similar items for cleansing (istinjāʾ) without water applies when the impurity present at the exit point is the size of a dirham or less, not more. This is the sound opinion because the Legislator permitted the use of stones for cleansing absolutely without clarification. However, if the impurity spreads beyond the exit point, the ruling differs: if the spread exceeds the size of a dirham, it must be washed with water; if it is less than the size of a dirham, washing with water is not obligatory according to Imām Abū Ḥanīfah and Abū Yūsuf, while according to Muḥammad, it must be washed. See: Badāʾiʿ aṣ-Ṣanāʾiʿ 1:19.

Ruling132

Water is best.

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Ruling133

If the effluent passes the outlet, water is required.

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Ruling134

2 notes

ويكره بالعظم والرَّوث والمطعوم … واليمين، والله أعلم.

It is disliked to use bone, manure, food … and the right hand—and God knows best.

فصل في الاستنجاء