تحفة الملوكZayn al-Dīn al-RāzīBook of Hunting and Sacrificial Meat
يَجوزIt is lawful الصَّيدhunting بالكلبِwith the dog والفهدِand the cheetah والبازيand the falcon والصَّقرِand the hawk وكلِّand every جارحٍbird of prey معَلَّمtrained إلاexcept الخنزير،the pig, وقيل:and it was said: إلاexcept الأسدthe lion والدبّand the bear والذئبand the wolf والحِدأة.and the kite.
Hunting with the dog, the hunting cheetah, the falcon, the hawk and every trained bird of prey is lawful, except the pig; and it is said: except [also] the lion, the bear, the wolf, and the kite.
وتعلّمAnd the training الكلبof the dog ونحوهand its like بتركهby abandoning الأكلeating ثلاثthree مرّاتtimes: فيحلّso lawful is ماwhat اصطادهhe caught فيon الثالثة،the third, وقيل:and it was said: تَعَلّمهhis training بغلبةِby the preponderance of ظَنِّthe surmise صاحبهof its owner أنّهthat تَعَلَّم،he learnt, وقيل:and it was said: تَعلّمهhis training بقولby the saying الصيادين:of the hunters: إنّهindeed تَعَلّم.he learnt.
The dog and the like are [considered] trained by abandoning eating [the quarry] three times, so what it catches on the third [occasion] is lawful; and it is said: he is trained by his owner's predominant opinion that he has learnt; and it is said: he is trained by the hunters declaring that he has learnt.
وتعلّمAnd the training البازيof the falcon ونحوهand its like بإجابتهby answering him إذاwhen دعي.he was called.
The falcon and the like are trained by answering when called.
فإذاSo when أرسلَreleased الجارحthe predator المعلَّمtrained وسميnamed عندat إرسالِهits releasing فجرحَand wounded صيداًgame وماتand died حَلَّlawful; وإنand if لمdid not يجرحْهwound him لمnot يحلّ،permissible; وكذاand likewise لوwhen خنقهstrangled him أوor كسرَه.broke him.
If the trained predator is released and the name [of Allah] is mentioned at releasing it and it wounds game and [the quarry] dies, it is lawful; and if it did not wound it, it is not lawful—and likewise if it strangled [the prey] or broke [its limbs].
فإنSo if أكلَate منهfrom it الفهدthe cheetah أوor الكلبthe dog لمnot يحلَّ،lawful, بخلافunlike البازي،the falcon, ولاand not يحلّlawful ماwhat اصطادَهit caught قبلbefore هذاthis محرزاًconfined كانwas فيin البيتthe house أوor فيin الصحراء،the desert, ولاand not ماwhat يصيدهit catches بعدهafter that حتىuntil يصيرbecomes معلّماًtrained بماin what ذكرنا.we mentioned.
If the cheetah or the dog eats from it, it is not lawful—unlike the falcon; nor is lawful what it caught before this, whether [the dog] was confined in the house or in the open desert, nor what it catches after that until it becomes trained in the way we mentioned.
ولوAnd if فَرَّfled بازٌa falcon منfrom صاحبهits owner ولمand did not يجبهanswer him إذاwhen دَعاه،he called it, ثمّthen صادhunted فحكمهso its ruling حكمthe ruling الكلبof the dog فيin الوجوهthe respects كلّها.all of them.
If a falcon flees from its owner and does not answer when he calls it, then hunts, its ruling is the ruling of the dog in all respects.
ولوAnd if شَرِبdrank الكلبthe dog منfrom دمblood الصيدِof the game ولمand did not يأكلeat منهfrom it حَلَّ،lawful; وكذاand likewise لوif أَكلate ماwhat أَعطاهgave him صاحبهits owner منه،from it, أوor خطفَهsnatched him منfrom صاحبهits owner فأكلand ate منهfrom it فيحلّ.then lawful.
If the dog drinks the blood of the game and does not eat from it, it is lawful; and likewise if it eats what its owner gives it from it, or snatches it from its owner and eats from it, then it is lawful.
ولوAnd if قطعَcut منfrom الصيدthe game قطعةًa piece فأَكلَها،and ate it, ثمّthen اتبعهfollowed it فقتلهand killed it ولمand did not يأكلeat منهfrom it لمnot يحل،permitted; ولوand if ألقىdropped ماwhat قطعهhe cut واتبعهand followed it فقتله،and killed it, ولمand did not يأكلeat منهfrom it حتىuntil أخذَهtook him صاحبه،its owner, ثمthen مرَّpassed بهby him بتلكthat القطعةpiece فأكلهاand ate it حلّ.lawful.
If [the dog] cuts from the game a piece and eats it, then follows it and kills it and does not eat from it, it is not lawful; and if it drops what it cut and follows it and kills it, and does not eat from it until its owner takes it, then it passes by that piece and eats it, it is lawful.
وإنAnd if أدركَreached المرسلthe hunter الصيدَthe game حيّاًalive مثلlike حياةlife المذبوحof the slaughtered وَجَبَتobligatory ذكاته،was its slaughter, فإنso if تركَهاleft it حتىuntil ماتdied لمnot يحلّ،permissible; وكذاand likewise البازيthe falcon والسهم،and the arrow, وكذاand likewise إنif لمnot يتمكَّنable منto ذبحهslaughter it لضيقfor tightness الوقتthe time أوor لفقدfor loss الآلة:the tool: كالأهليlike the domestic إنif لمnot يتمكَّنable منto ذبحهslaughter it لاnot يحلّlawful بذكاةby slaughter الاضطرار.of necessity.
If the hunter reaches the game alive in the state of a slaughtered animal, its slaughter (dhakāh) is obligatory; if he omits it until [the animal] dies, it is not lawful—and likewise for the falcon and the arrow; and likewise if he cannot slaughter it for lack of time or for lack of the implement: like the domestic animal if he cannot slaughter it—it is not lawful by [mere] necessity slaughter.
ولوAnd if وقعَfell الصيدthe game عندwith مجوسيّa Magian وقَدَرَand was able علىto ذبحِهslaughter it ثمّthen ماتdied لمnot يؤكل.eaten.
If the game falls with a Magian who can slaughter it and then it dies, it is not eaten.
ولوAnd if أَرْسَلَreleased كلبَهhis dog علىon صيدٍgame فأَخَذَهand took it غيرهanother حلّ.lawful.
If he releases his dog on game and another takes it, it is lawful.
ولوAnd if أرسلَهreleased it علىon صيدٍgame كثيرٍabundant وسمَّىand named مرَّةonce واحدةone يحلّlawful كلّall ماwhat قتلَهkilled it بتلكwith that التسمية،naming, بخلافunlike الشاتينthe two ewes اللتينthe two which لمdid not تضجعmount إحداهماone of them فوقabove الأخرى.the other.
If he releases it on abundant game and names [Allah] once, lawful is all that it kills with that naming—unlike two ewes one of which has not mounted the other.
وكمونAnd lying in wait الفهدof the cheetah لاnot يقطعsevers حكمruling إرساله،of its release, وكذاand likewise الكلبthe dog إذاif اعتادaccustomed عادته.its habit.
The cheetah's lying in wait does not sever the ruling of its release; and likewise the dog if it has habituated to its habit.
وإذاAnd when أَخذَtook الجارحthe predator صيداًgame بعدafter صيدٍgame بإرسالwith release واحدone حلَّlawful الكلّthe whole ماwhat لمdid not يعرضoccur باستراحة،with a rest, كماas if لوwhen جثمcrouched علىon الصيدِthe game زماناًtime طويلاًlong فمَرَّso passed بهby him صيدٌgame آخرanother فقتلَهand killed it لمnot يَحِلّpermissible الثاني.the second.
If the predator takes game after game with one release, all is lawful unless an interval occurs; as when it crouches on the game a long while and another game passes by it and it kills it—the second is not lawful.
ولوAnd if مَرَقَpassed through السَّهْمthe arrow منfrom الصَّيدِthe game المقصودِintended إلىto آخرanother فقتلَهand killed it حَلاّ.lawful.
If the arrow passes through the intended game to another and kills it, both are lawful.
ولوAnd if أَرسلreleased بازيهhis falcon علىon صيدٍgame فنزلَand alighted علىon شيءٍsomething ثمّthen طارflew وأَخذهand took it حَلَّlawful إنif قَصرَwas short الزّمانthe time بقدرto extent ماwhat يكونis تَمَكّناًuninterrupted taking لاnot استراحة.a rest.
If he releases his falcon on game and it alights on something then flies and takes it, it is lawful if the time was short enough to amount to uninterrupted taking, not a rest.
ولوAnd if أخذَtook جارحٌa predator معَلَّمٌtrained صيداًgame ولمand did not يعلمknow هلwhether أرسلهreleased him أحدsomeone أمor لا؟not? لم يحلّ.
If a trained predator takes game and one does not know whether anyone released it or not? It is not permissible.
وإن شاركَه كلبٌ غير معلّم، أو كلب مجوسي، أو كلب لمNot يذكر اسم الله تعالى عليه عمداً لمdid not يَحِل ولو رَدَّه عليهupon it ولمnot يجرحهwound it بعدafterwards حلّlawful وكرِه.and disliked.
If an untrained dog joins it, or a Magian's dog, or a dog on which deliberately the name of Allah the Exalted was not mentioned: it is not lawful; even if someone sets it back on [the prey] and it did not wound it afterward: lawful—but disliked.
ولوAnd if رَدَّهreturned it عليهon him المجوسيthe Magian أوor أغراهincited him بهwith it فزادso increased عدوهits hostility لمnot يكره،disliked, وكذاand likewise لوif لمdid not يردّهreturn him عليهon him الثانيthe second بلbut حملurged عليهagainst him فزادso increased عدوه.its hostility.
If the Magian sets [the dog] back on him or incites him with it so its hostility increases: not disliked; and likewise when the second does not send it back to him but urges against him so its hostility increases.
ولوAnd if أَرسلهreleased it مجوسيٌّa Magian فأغراهand incited بهwith him مسلمٌa Muslim فزادso increased عدوهits hostility لمnot يَحِل.lawful.
If a Magian releases it and a Muslim incites it thereby and its hostility increases, it is not lawful.
وتعتبرAnd accounted الأهليةcompetence وعدمهاand absence thereof عندat الإرسالreleasing لاnot عندat الأخذ.taking.
Legal competence and lack thereof count at releasing, not at seizing.
وكلّAnd everyone مَنwho لاnot يحلّlawful ذكاتهhis slaughter كالمجوسيِّlike the Magian فيماin what قلناwe said والمسلمand the Muslim وغيرهand non-Muslim سواءequal فيin صيدhunting السمكthe fish والجراد.and the locust.
Everyone whose lawful slaughter fails like the Magian in what we said—and the Muslim and the non-Muslim—the same—in fishing for fish and locusts.
ولوAnd if انفلتslipped away كلبa dog مجوسيMagian ولمand did not يرسلهrelease it صاحبهits owner فأَغراهso incited مسلمٌa Muslim بالصيدwith the game فأخذهand took it حَلّ.lawful.
If a Magian's dog slips away and its owner did not release it and a Muslim incites it with the game and it takes it, it is lawful.