Hunting with the dog, the hunting cheetah, the falcon, the hawk and every trained bird of prey is lawful, except the pig; and it is said: except [also] the lion, the bear, the wolf, and the kite.
تحفة الملوكZayn al-Dīn al-Rāzīكتاب الصيد والذبائح — تمهيد
Book of Hunting and Sacrificial Meat — Preface
The dog and the like are [considered] trained by abandoning eating [the quarry] three times, so what it catches on the third [occasion] is lawful; and it is said: he is trained by his owner's predominant opinion that he has learnt; and it is said: he is trained by the hunters declaring that he has learnt.
The falcon and the like are trained by answering when called.
فإذا أرسلَ الجارح المعلَّم وسمي عند إرسالِه فجرحَ صيداً ومات حَلَّ وإن لم يجرحْه لم يحلّ، وكذا لو خنقه أو كسرَه.
If the trained predator is released and the name [of Allah] is mentioned at releasing it and it wounds game and [the quarry] dies, it is lawful; and if it did not wound it, it is not lawful—and likewise if it strangled [the prey] or broke [its limbs].
فإن أكلَ منه الفهد أو الكلب لم يحلَّ، بخلاف البازي، ولا يحلّ ما اصطادَه قبل هذا محرزاً كان في البيت أو في الصحراء، ولا ما يصيده بعده حتى يصير معلّماً بما ذكرنا.
If the cheetah or the dog eats from it, it is not lawful—unlike the falcon; nor is lawful what it caught before this, whether [the dog] was confined in the house or in the open desert, nor what it catches after that until it becomes trained in the way we mentioned.
ولو فَرَّ بازٌ من صاحبه ولم يجبه إذا دَعاه، ثمّ صاد فحكمه حكم الكلب في الوجوه كلّها.
If a falcon flees from its owner and does not answer when he calls it, then hunts, its ruling is the ruling of the dog in all respects.
ولو شَرِب الكلب من دم الصيدِ ولم يأكل منه حَلَّ، وكذا لو أَكل ما أَعطاه صاحبه منه، أو خطفَه من صاحبه فأكل منه فيحلّ.
If the dog drinks the blood of the game and does not eat from it, it is lawful; and likewise if it eats what its owner gives it from it, or snatches it from its owner and eats from it, then it is lawful.
ولو قطعَ من الصيد قطعةً فأَكلَها، ثمّ اتبعه فقتله ولم يأكل منه لم يحل، ولو ألقى ما قطعه واتبعه فقتله، ولم يأكل منه حتى أخذَه صاحبه، ثم مرَّ به بتلك القطعة فأكلها حلّ.
If [the dog] cuts from the game a piece and eats it, then follows it and kills it and does not eat from it, it is not lawful; and if it drops what it cut and follows it and kills it, and does not eat from it until its owner takes it, then it passes by that piece and eats it, it is lawful.
وإن أدركَ المرسل الصيدَ حيّاً مثل حياة المذبوح وَجَبَت ذكاته، فإن تركَها حتى مات لم يحلّ، وكذا البازي والسهم، وكذا إن لم يتمكَّن من ذبحه لضيق الوقت أو لفقد الآلة: كالأهلي إن لم يتمكَّن من ذبحه لا يحلّ بذكاة الاضطرار.
If the hunter reaches the game alive in the state of a slaughtered animal, its slaughter (dhakāh) is obligatory; if he omits it until [the animal] dies, it is not lawful—and likewise for the falcon and the arrow; and likewise if he cannot slaughter it for lack of time or for lack of the implement: like the domestic animal if he cannot slaughter it—it is not lawful by [mere] necessity slaughter.
ولو وقعَ الصيد عند مجوسيّ وقَدَرَ على ذبحِه ثمّ مات لم يؤكل.
If the game falls with a Magian who can slaughter it and then it dies, it is not eaten.
ولو أَرْسَلَ كلبَه على صيدٍ فأَخَذَه غيره حلّ.
If he releases his dog on game and another takes it, it is lawful.
ولو أرسلَه على صيدٍ كثيرٍ وسمَّى مرَّة واحدة يحلّ كلّ ما قتلَه بتلك التسمية، بخلاف الشاتين اللتين لم تضجع إحداهما فوق الأخرى.
If he releases it on abundant game and names [Allah] once, lawful is all that it kills with that naming—unlike two ewes one of which has not mounted the other.
وكمون الفهد لا يقطع حكم إرساله، وكذا الكلب إذا اعتاد عادته.
The cheetah's lying in wait does not sever the ruling of its release; and likewise the dog if it has habituated to its habit.
وإذا أَخذَ الجارح صيداً بعد صيدٍ بإرسال واحد حلَّ الكلّ ما لم يعرض باستراحة، كما لو جثم على الصيدِ زماناً طويلاً فمَرَّ به صيدٌ آخر فقتلَه لم يَحِلّ الثاني.
If the predator takes game after game with one release, all is lawful unless an interval occurs; as when it crouches on the game a long while and another game passes by it and it kills it—the second is not lawful.
ولو مَرَقَ السَّهْم من الصَّيدِ المقصودِ إلى آخر فقتلَه حَلاّ.
If the arrow passes through the intended game to another and kills it, both are lawful.
ولو أَرسل بازيه على صيدٍ فنزلَ على شيءٍ ثمّ طار وأَخذه حَلَّ إن قَصرَ الزّمان بقدر ما يكون تَمَكّناً لا استراحة.
If he releases his falcon on game and it alights on something then flies and takes it, it is lawful if the time was short enough to amount to uninterrupted taking, not a rest.
ولو أخذَ جارحٌ معَلَّمٌ صيداً ولم يعلم هل أرسله أحد أم لا؟
If a trained predator takes game and one does not know whether anyone released it or not?
لم يحلّ، وإن شاركَه كلبٌ غير معلّم، أو كلب مجوسي، أو كلب لم يذكر اسم الله تعالى عليه عمداً لم يَحِل ولو رَدَّه عليه ولم يجرحه بعد حلّ وكرِه.
It is not lawful—and if an untrained dog joins it, or a Magian's dog, or a dog on which deliberately the name of Allah the Exalted was not mentioned: it is not lawful; even if someone sets it back on [the prey] and it did not wound it afterward: lawful—but disliked.
ولو رَدَّه عليه المجوسي أو أغراه به فزاد عدوه لم يكره، وكذا لو لم يردّه عليه الثاني بل حمل عليه فزاد عدوه.
If the Magian sets [the dog] back on him or incites him with it so its hostility increases: not disliked; and likewise when the second does not send it back to him but urges against him so its hostility increases.
ولو أَرسله مجوسيٌّ فأغراه به مسلمٌ فزاد عدوه لم يَحِل.
If a Magian releases it and a Muslim incites it thereby and its hostility increases, it is not lawful.
وتعتبر الأهلية وعدمها عند الإرسال لا عند الأخذ.
Legal competence and lack thereof count at releasing, not at seizing.
وكلّ مَن لا يحلّ ذكاته كالمجوسيِّ فيما قلنا والمسلم وغيره سواء في صيد السمك والجراد.
Everyone whose lawful slaughter fails like the Magian in what we said—and the Muslim and the non-Muslim—the same—in fishing for fish and locusts.
ولو انفلت كلب مجوسي ولم يرسله صاحبه فأَغراه مسلمٌ بالصيد فأخذه حَلّ.
If a Magian's dog slips away and its owner did not release it and a Muslim incites it with the game and it takes it, it is lawful.