Every reprehensible act (makrūh) in the Book of Karahah is unlawful (ḥarām) according to Muḥammad; according to Abū Ḥanīfah and Abū Yūsuf it is nearer to the unlawful (ḥarām); therefore we have expressed most of the reprehensible matters as unlawful (ḥarām).
تحفة الملوكZayn al-Dīn al-Rāzīكتاب الكراهية — تمهيد
Book of Reprehensible Matters — Preface
And unlawful are eating, drinking, anointing and applying perfume in vessels of gold and silver—for men and women; likewise every use such as eating with a silver spoon, applying kohl with its rod, and taking a kohl-case, mirror or inkwell of silver.
And lawful are vessels of glass, crystal, agate, copper, lead and the like.
ويَحِلّ الشرب في الإناء المفضض والمضبب بالفضّة، والجلوس على الكرسيِّ والسريرِ والسرجِ المفضض بشرط اتقاء موضع الفضة في الكلِّ، وكذا في اللِّجام والرّكاب والثفر، وهذا فيما يخلص منه شيء، فأمّا التمويه الذي لا يخلص منه شيء فمباحٌ مطلقاً: كالعلمِ في الثوبِ، ومسمارِ الذهبِ في الفصّ.
Drinking from a vessel plated or banded with silver is lawful, and sitting on a silver-plated chair, bed and saddle on condition of avoiding contact with the silver in each case—likewise the bit, stirrup and crupper. This applies when something can be recovered from them by melting; as for ornament from which nothing can be recovered, it is permissible without restriction—such as an emblem on a cloth and a gold stud in the bezel.
ويَحِلّ تذهيب السَّقف.
Gilding the ceiling is lawful.
ومَن دعِي إلى ضيافةٍ فوجدَ ثمَّ لعباً وغناءً يقعد ويأكل ولا يترك ولا يخرج ، ويمنع إن قَدَر.
Whoever is invited to hospitality and then finds diversion and singing should sit and eat, not leave [the food] and not go out, and should forbid [the evil] if able.
وإن كان قدوةً: كالقاضي والمفتي ونحوهما يمنع ويقعد، فإن عجز خرج.
If he is an exemplar—such as a judge or mufti and the like—he should forbid and remain seated; if unable, he should leave.
وإن كان ذلك على المائدة أو كانوا يشربون الخمر خَرَج وإن لم يكن قدوة.
If that is at the dining table or they are drinking wine, he should leave even if he is not an exemplar.
وإن عَلِمَ قبلَ الحضورِ لا يحضر في الوجوه كلِّها.
If he knew before attending, he should not attend in any of the [relevant] cases.
ويحرم شرب لبنِ الأتن، وأبوالِ الإبل للتداوي، وأكل لحم الإبل والبقر الجلاّلة وشرب لبنها، بخلاف الدجاجة المخلاّة.
Drinking she-donkeys’ milk, camels’ urine for medicinal use, and eating jallālah camels’ and cattle’s meat and drinking their milk are unlawful—unlike a chicken left to roam freely.
فإن حبِسَت وعلِفَت حَلَّت، وهو مقدَّرٌ في الإبل بأربعين يوماً، وفي البقر بعشرين، وفي الشاة بعشرة، وفي الدّجاجة بثلاثة، ولو رضع جدي لبن خنزير فهو كالجلاّلة.
If [the animal] is confined and fed [clean fodder], it becomes lawful; the period is reckoned at forty days for camels, twenty for cattle, ten for sheep, three for the chicken; and if a kid suckles pigs’ milk it is like jallālah.
والحطب الموجود في الماء حلالٌ إن لم يكن له قيمة.
Firewood found in water is lawful if it has no [significant] value.
والثمر الساقط تحت الشجر لا يَحِلّ في المصر، وأَمّا خارج المصر فإن كان ممّا يبقى كالجوز واللوز لا يَحِلّ، وإن كان ممّا لا يبقى حَلَّ حتى ينهى عنه صاحبه.
Fallen fruit under a tree is not lawful in the city; outside the city, if it is of what lasts—such as walnut and almond—it is not lawful; if of what does not last, it is lawful unless its owner forbids it.
ويَحِلّ الثمر الموجود في الماء الجاري وإن كان كَثر.
Fruit found in flowing water is lawful even if plentiful.
ولو وقعَ ما نثِرَ من السّكر أو الدراهم في حجر رجل فأخذَه غيره حَلَّ إلا أن يكون الأول تهيأ له أو ضمَّه، وكذا لو وضع طستاً على سطحه فاجتمعَ فيه ماء المطرِ إن وضعَه لذلك فهو له، وإن لم يضعه لذلك فهو لمَن أخذَه.
If scattered sugar or dirhams fall into a man’s yard and another takes them, it is lawful unless the first had prepared for it or gathered it; likewise if someone places a basin on his roof and rainwater collects in it: if he placed it for that, it is his; if not for that, it belongs to whoever takes it.
ويحرم أكل التراب والطين.
Eating soil and clay is unlawful.
ويَحِلّ خضاب اليد والرِّجل للنِّساء ما لم يكن فيه تماثيل، ويحرم للرِّجال والصبيان مطلقاً.
Dyeing the hands and feet is lawful for women so long as there are no images [in the dye]; it is unlawful for men and boys absolutely.
ولا بأس بخضابِ الرأسِ واللحية بالحناء والوسِمة للرجال والنساء.
There is no harm in dyeing the head and beard with henna and wasimah, for men and women.