العصبةThe residuary قسمانtwo kinds :: عصبةresiduary نسب.of kinship.
The residuary (ʿaṣaba) is of two kinds: kinship residuary.
فصل [في العصبات]
Chapter on residuaries (ʿaṣaba)
وعصبةAnd residuary سبب.of contract.
And contractual residuary.
فعصبةSo kinship residuary النَّسبof lineage ثلاثةthree أَصناف:categories: عصبةٌresiduary بنفسه.in his own right.
Kinship residuary is of three types: residuary in his own right.
وعصبةٌAnd residuary بغيره.through another.
And residuary through another.
وعصبةٌAnd residuary معwith غيره.another.
And residuary alongside another.
1.1. فالعصبةSo residuary بنفسه:in his own right: كلّevery ذكرmale يدليis linked إلىto الميتthe deceased بمحضthrough purely الذكور:the males: كالأبsuch as the father وآبائه،and his forefathers, والابنand the son وأبنائه،and his descendants, والأخand the brother لأبby father وأمand mother أوor لأبby father وأبنائهما،and their sons, والعمّand the paternal uncle لأبby father وأمand mother أوor لأبby father وأبنائهما.and their sons.
1. Residuary in his own right: every male linked to the deceased solely through males: such as the father and his forefathers, the son and his descendants, the full or paternal half-brother and their descendants, and the full or paternal uncle and their descendants.
والصنفAnd the category الأولthe first مقدَّم،takes precedence, ثمthen الثانيthe second علىfollowing الترتيب،order, ثمthen الثالث،the third, ثمthen الرابع.the fourth.
The first category takes precedence, then the second in order, then the third, then the fourth.
فإنSo if اجتمعَmeet اثنانtwo منof صنفٍcategory واحدٍone قدِّمَgive precedence أعلاهماthe higher of them two درجة،in degree, فإنso if استوياthey are equal فيin الدرجةthe degree قدِّمَgive precedence ذوthe possessor الجهتين.of the two lines.
If two of one category meet, the higher in degree is given precedence; and if they are equal in degree, the one related through both parents is given precedence.
2.2. والعصبةAnd residuary بغيره:through another: كلّevery أنثىfemale فرضهاher fixed share النصفthe half تصيرbecomes عصبةًresiduary بأخيهاthrough her brother فلاso not يفرضis fixed لهاfor her ويكونand becomes المالthe property بينهما:between them: {فَلِلذَّكَرِ{For the male} مِثْلlike حَظِّthe portion الأنثَيَيْنِ}:of the two females}: وهيand they [are] 1)1) البنت،the daughter, 2)2) وبنتand daughter الابن،of the son, 3)3) والأختand the sister لأبby father وأم،and mother, 4)4) أوor لأب،by father, ولاand not يعصبinherits as residuary عصبةresiduary أختهhis sister غيرother than هؤلاء.these.
2. Residuary through another: every female whose fixed share is the half becomes residuary through her brother, so no separate fixed share is allocated to her and the property is between them: {for the male the like of the portion of two females}; and they are 1) the daughter, 2) the son’s daughter, 3) the full sister, 4) or paternal half-sister—and no residuary inherits with his sister apart from these.
3.3. والعصبةAnd residuary معwith غيره:another: الأخواتthe sisters لأبby father وأمand mother أوor لأبby father يَصِرْنَthey become عصبةًresiduary معwith البناتthe daughters وبناتand daughters الابن.of the son.
3. Residuary alongside another: full or paternal half-sisters become residuary alongside daughters and sons’ daughters.
وعصبةAnd residuary السَّبب:of the contract: المعتِقthe manumitter ذَكَرَاًas a male كانwhether he were أوor أنثى،female, وعصبته،and his residuary heirs, وهوand he [is] آخرlast العصبات.of the residuaries.
Contractual residuary: the manumitter, whether male or female, and his or her patron residuary; he is the last of the residuaries.
والعصبة:And the residuary: تأخذtakes كلَّall المالthe property عندwhen عدمِabsence of صاحبِthe holder of الفرض،the fixed share, وماand what بَقِيَremained بعدafter الفرضthe fixed share معwith وجودِpresence of صاحبِthe holder of الفرض،the fixed share, فإنso if لمnot يَبْقَremains شيءٌanything سَقَطَ.it falls away.
The residuary takes the whole estate when there is no fixed sharer, and what remains after the fixed share when a fixed sharer exists; if nothing remains, it falls away.