فصل [في بيان كيفية الإحرام]

إذاإذاWhenContextual gloss

When he intends iḥrām, he trims his moustache, clips his nails, shaves his pubic hair, then performs wuḍūʾ or ghusl—the latter is better.

ولَبِسَولَبِسَAnd he wearsContextual gloss

He wears a waist-wrapper and cloak (ridāʾ), new and white—which is better—or washed garments; he applies perfume and oil if available; then he prays two rakʿahs and asks Allāh for ease.

ثمَّثمَّThenContextual gloss

Then he recites the talbiyah, intending his rite, raising his voice.

والتلبيةوالتلبيةAnd the talbiyahContextual gloss

The talbiyah is well known; [reciting] it once is a condition (sharṭ); additional [recitation] is sunnah.

ويتقيويتقيAnd he avoidsContextual gloss

The muḥrim avoids: sexual indecency (rafath), sin (fusūq), and quarrelling (jidāl).

وقتلوقتلAnd killingContextual gloss

And [he avoids] killing land game, directing others to it, and pointing it out; all sea game is permitted to him.

ويتركويتركAnd he leavesContextual gloss

He leaves off wearing tailored [clothing], the turban, and the cap (qalawsubah).

والخفّينوالخفّينAnd the bootsContextual gloss

And [wearing] fully covering boots.

وتغطيةوتغطيةAnd coveringContextual gloss

And covering the head and face [with something touching the skin].

والدهنوالدهنAnd oilContextual gloss

And oil and perfume.

وحلقوحلقAnd shavingContextual gloss

And shaving hair and clipping the nail.

ولبْسولبْسAnd wearingContextual gloss

And wearing dyed [cloth] except washed [such that pigment] does not shed.

ولاولاAnd notContextual gloss

He does not wash his hair with marshmallow ([kh]iṭmī) nor with sidr.

ولاولاNorContextual gloss

Nor does he use nūrah [depilatory].

ولاولاNorContextual gloss

Nor does he scratch his head except gently if there is hair on it.

و[يباح]و[يباح]And [permitted]Contextual gloss

Permitted for him [in iḥrām]: that he bathe [ghusl] and enter the bathhouse.

ويستظلَّويستظلَّAnd he seeks shadeContextual gloss

He seeks shade beneath a dwelling, tent, or litter.

ويشدَّويشدَّAnd he fastensContextual gloss

He fastens the money-belt.

ويكثرويكثرAnd he increasesContextual gloss

He increases the talbiyah in a loud voice after prayers, whenever he climbs a plateau, descends into a valley, meets a caravan, and in the latter part of night.

فإذافإذاWhenContextual gloss

When he enters Makkah, he performs ṭawāf al-qudūm—seven circuits behind al-Ḥaṭīm, brisk-walking [raml] in the first three of them.

ثمَّثمَّThenContextual gloss

Then he prays two rakʿahs by the Station [of Ibrāhīm].

ثمَّثمَّThenContextual gloss

Then he performs saʿy between al-Ṣafā and al-Marwah seven lengths, hastening therein between the two green markers.

ثمَّثمَّThenContextual gloss

Then he resides in Makkah in iḥrām; he circles [the House] whenever he wishes without raml or saʿy, and concludes every ṭawāf with two rakʿahs.

ثمَّثمَّThenContextual gloss

Then he leaves on the morning of Tarwīyah for Minā and stays therein until he prays Fajr on the Day of ʿArafah.

ثمَّثمَّThenContextual gloss

Then he proceeds to ʿArafāt; when the sun declines [past zenith], the Imām leads the people in Ẓuhr and ʿAṣr at the time of Ẓuhr with one adhān and two iqāmahs—the individual worshipper does not combine them—and the Imām is a condition for [validly combining] the two.

ثمّثمّThenContextual gloss

Then the Imām halts at ʿArafah mounted near the hill; all of ʿArafah is a stopping-place except Batn ʿUranah.

فإذافإذاWhenContextual gloss

When the sun sets, he moves onward to Muzdalifah and halts near Quzah; all of Muzdalifah is a stopping-place except Wādī Muḥassir.

ويصلِّيويصلِّيAnd he leads prayerContextual gloss

He leads the people in Maghrib and ʿIshāʾ at the time of ʿIshāʾ with one adhān and one iqāmah; the individual combines the two—and whoever prayed Maghrib en route repeats it.

ويَبيتويَبيتAnd he spends the nightContextual gloss

He spends the night there and leads them [or prays with them] in Fajr at dawn’s first light; then he stops at al-Mashʿar al-Ḥarām [and] supplicates, and when it brightens he moves onward to Minā.

فيرميفيرميThen he casts [stones]Contextual gloss

He stones Jamrat al-ʿAqabah from the middle of the wādī with seven pebbles like khadhf pebbles, saying takbīr with each pebble.

ولاولاAnd notContextual gloss

He does not stop there; he ceases the talbiyah upon the first pebble—and if he throws the seven together, they count as one [throw]; casting with something of earthly kind is permissible except gold and silver.

ثمَّثمَّThenContextual gloss

Then he slaughters [the offering] if he wishes.

ثمّثمّThenContextual gloss

Then he shaves [at least] a quarter of his head—and that is better—or shortens [his hair]; everything becomes permissible to him except women [marital relations].

ثمَّثمَّThenContextual gloss

Then he performs ṭawāf al-ziyārah; its [due] window is the days of sacrifice—the best thereof is their first—and relations with women become lawful for him.

ثمَّثمَّThenContextual gloss

Then he returns to Minā and casts at the three jamarāt after noon on the second day, third day… and fourth.

فإذافإذاWhenContextual gloss

When he intends to go back home, he performs ṭawāf al-ṣadr.

ومَنومَنAnd whoeverContextual gloss

Whoever stands at ʿArafāh for even a moment between noon on the Day of ʿArafah and dawn on the Day of Sacrifice has sufficed—even if asleep, unconscious, or unaware of it.

والمرأةوالمرأةAnd the womanContextual gloss

In ḥajj rituals the woman is like the man, except concerning uncovering her head [fully], wearing sewn [clothes], raising the voice in talbiyah, raml, harwal, and shaving—indeed she differs from him therein.