الوقت.the time
The [prayer] time.
فصل وشروط الصّلاة ستّةٌ:
Chapter: the six conditions of prayer
والطهارةand purification بأنواعها.in all its kinds
Purification in all its forms.
وسترand covering العورة.the ʿawra
Covering the nakedness (ʿawra).
واستقبالand facing القبلة.the qibla
Facing the qibla.
والنيّة.and intention
Intention (niyya).
وتكبيرةand takbīra الإحرام.iḥrām
The opening takbīra (takbīrat al-iḥrām).
وأركانهاand its pillars ستّةٌ:six: القيام.standing
Its pillars are six: standing (qiyām).
والقراءة.and recitation
Recitation (qirāʾa).
والركوع.and bowing
Bowing (rukūʿ).
والسّجود.and prostration
Prostration (sujūd).
والانتقالand moving منfrom ركنpillar إلىto ركن.pillar
Moving from one pillar to the next.
والقعدةand sitting الأخيرة.last
The final sitting.
…… وواجباتهاand its obligations أحدَone عشرten :: الفاتحةal-Fātiḥa …… فيin الأوليين.the two first
… Its obligations are eleven: al-Fātiḥa … in the first two rakʿas.
2.Two (second listed obligation). وسورةٌand a sūra أوor قدرها.its equivalent length
Two (second listed obligation). A sūra or the equivalent thereof in length.
3.Three (third listed obligation). والجهرand audible [recitation] فيin الجهريّةthe aloud [prayer] للإمام.for the imām
Three (third listed obligation). Audible recitation in prayers recited aloud—for the imām.
4.Four (fourth listed obligation). والمخافتةand quiet [recitation] فيin السريّةthe quiet [prayer] مطلقاً.absolutely
Four (fourth listed obligation). Quiet recitation in prayers recited quietly, absolutely.
5.Five (fifth listed obligation). والطمأنينةand stillness (ṭumaʾnīna) فيin الركوعrukūʿ والسجود.and sujūd
Five (fifth listed obligation). Stillness (ṭumaʾnīna) in bowing and prostration.
6.Six (sixth listed obligation). وترتيبand ordering أفعالها.its actions
Six (sixth listed obligation). Correct order of its actions.
7.Seven (seventh listed obligation). والقعدةand sitting الأولى.first
Seven (seventh listed obligation). The first sitting.
8.Eight (eighth listed obligation). والتشهدand tashahhud فيin القعدتين.the two sittings
Eight (eighth listed obligation). The tashahhud in the two sittings.
9.Nine (ninth listed obligation). والتسليم.and salām
Nine (ninth listed obligation). The salām.
10.Ten (tenth listed obligation). والقنوت.and qunūt
Ten (tenth listed obligation). The qunūt.
11.Eleven (eleventh listed obligation). وتكبيراتand takbīrs العيدين.the two Eids
Eleven (eleventh listed obligation). The extra takbīrs of the two Eids.
وسننها:and its sunnas: ماwhat سوىother than ذلكthat منof أقوالهاits sayings وأفعالهاand its deeds المطلوبة.required
Its sunnas: everything else of its prescribed words and deeds.
الشرطcondition الأوّل:first: الوقت:the time: ووقتand time الصبح:Fajr: منfrom طلوعrising الفجرFajr الصّادقtrue إلىto طلوعrising الشمس.sun
First condition—time: Fajr is from true dawn until sunrise.
والظّهر:and Ẓuhr: منfrom زوالهاits zawāl حتىuntil يصيرbecomes ظلّshadow كلِّevery شيءٍthing مثليهtwice its [length], سوى…excluding… فيءnoon shadow الزَّوال،…of zawāl,… …وهو…and it [is] أولfirst وقتtime العصر.of ʿAsr.
Ẓuhr is from noon until every thing’s shadow equals twice its [noon] length—excluding the noon shadow … that is the start of ʿAsr.
وآخرهand its end غروبها:its setting: وهوand it [is] أَوّلfirst وقتtime المغرب،Maghrib, وآخرهand its end غروبsetting الشَّفقtwilight الأَبيضwhite بعدafter الأحمر…red… …… وهوand it [is] أَوّلfirst وقتtime العشاء،ʿIshāʾ, وآخرهand its end طلوعrising الفجرFajr الصّادق.true
Its end is sunset: that is the start of Maghrib; its end is disappearance of the white twilight after the red … that is the start of ʿIshāʾ; its end is true dawn.
ووقتand time الوتر:Witr: وقتtime العشاء،ʿIshāʾ, ويجبand it is obligatory تأخيرهto delay it عنها.after it
Witr is in the time of ʿIshāʾ, and delaying it after ʿIshāʾ is obligatory.
[الأوقات[Preferred times] المستحبّةrecommended للصلوات]for prayers ويسْتَحَبّand it is recommended الإسفارisfār بالفجر،with Fajr, إلاexcept للحاجّfor the pilgrim بمزدلفة،at Muzdalifa, فالتغليسso taghlīs أفضل.is better
[Preferred times] It is recommended to keep Fajr long (isfār), except the pilgrim at Muzdalifa, for whom darkness (taghlīs) is better.
والإبرادand ibrād بالظهرwith Ẓuhr فيin الصَّيفِ،summer, وتعجيلهاand hastening it فيin الشِّتاء.winter
Delaying Ẓuhr in summer and hastening it in winter is recommended.
وتأخيرand delaying العصرʿAsr ماwhilst لمit did not يتغيرchange قرصdisc الشمسsun فيin الصيفsummer والشتاء.and winter
Delaying ʿAsr until the sun’s disk has not yet changed [colour] in summer and winter.
وتعجيلand hastening المغربMaghrib دائماً.always
Hastening Maghrib always.
وتأخيرand delaying العشاءʿIshāʾ إلىto ثلثa third الليلnight فيin الشتاء،winter, وتعجيلهاand hastening it فيin الصيف.summer
Delaying ʿIshāʾ to a third of the night in winter, and hastening it in summer.
وفيand on يومday الغيمovercast يعَجِّلhe hastens العصرʿAsr والعشاء،and ʿIshāʾ, ويؤخرand delays الباقي.the rest
On an overcast day he hastens ʿAsr and ʿIshāʾ and delays the rest.
ولاand not يَجمعhe combines بينbetween صلاتينtwo prayers فيin وقتٍ،one time, إلاexcept بعرفةat ʿArafāt ومزدلفة.and Muzdalifa
Two prayers are not combined in one time except at ʿArafāt and Muzdalifa.
ويسْتَحَبّand it is recommended الوترWitr آخرend الليلnight إنif وَثِقhe trusts بالانتباهwakefulness; وإلاّotherwise فأَوَّله.its beginning
Witr at the end of the night is recommended if he trusts wakefulness; otherwise at its beginning.
ووقتand time الجمعة:Friday: وقتtime الظهر.of Ẓuhr
Friday prayer is in the time of Ẓuhr.
ووقتand time صلاةِprayer العيدين:two Eids: منfrom ارتفاعelevation الشَّمسsun إلىto زوالِها.its zawāl
The two Eid prayers are from when the sun has risen until noon.
وأوقاتand times الكراهيةof dislike ثمانيةeight :: ثلاثةٌthree يكرهit is disliked فيهاin them كلّevery صلاةٍ،prayer, وسجدةِand prostration التّلاوةِ،of recitation, والسهو:and sahw: عندat طلوعrising الشمس.sun
There are eight disliked times: three in which every prayer, the prostration of recitation, and the sahw prostration are disliked: at sunrise.
واستوائها.when it is at meridian
When it stands at meridian.
وغروبها،and its setting, إلاexcept عصرʿAsr يومه.of that day
At sunset—except the ʿAsr of that day.
ووقتانand two times يكرهit is disliked فيهماin them التطوع،voluntary, والمنذورة،vowed, وركعتاtwo rakʿas الطواف،of ṭawāf, وقضاءand making up تطوعvoluntary أفسده،he spoiled, ولاand not يكرهit is disliked غيرother ذلكthan that وهما:and they [are]: ماwhat بينbetween طلوعrising الفجرFajr وطلوعand rising الشمس.sun
Two times in which voluntary prayer, a vowed prayer, the two ṭawāf rakʿas, and making up a spoiled voluntary are disliked—and nothing else is—namely between dawn and sunrise.
وماand what بعدafter العصرʿAsr إلىto الغروب.sunset
And from after ʿAsr until sunset.
وثلاثةand three أوقاتtimes يكرهit is disliked فيهاin them التطوعvoluntary فقط:only: بعدafter الغروبsunset قبلbefore المغرب.Maghrib
Three times in which only voluntary prayer is disliked: after sunset before Maghrib.
ووقتand time خطبةsermon الجمعة.Friday
During the Friday sermon.
وقبلand before صلاةprayer العيد.Eid
Before the Eid prayer.
الشرطcondition الثاني:second: الطهارة:purity: طهارةpurity المصلِّي،worshipper, ولباسه،and his clothing, ومكانه،and his place, شرطٌ.condition
Second condition—purity: the worshipper’s purity, his clothing, and his place are conditions.
والنجاسةand impurity نوعان:two kinds: مخفَّفةٌ:lightened: وهيit [is] بولurine الفرس،horse, وماand what يؤكلmay be eaten لحمه،its flesh وخرءand droppings ماof what لاnot يؤكلmay be eaten لحمهits flesh منof الطير،birds, ويمنعand there blocks منهاfrom it قدرup to ربعa quarter العضوof a limb أوor ربعa quarter طرفside الإصابة:injury site: كالذيلlike tail والدخريصand dukhrīṣ والكمand the elbow ونحوهاand their like, لاnot ماwhat دونه.below that
Impurity is of two kinds: lightened—it is horse urine, what may be eaten of its flesh, and droppings of birds whose flesh is not eaten; a quarter of a limb or a quarter of an “injury site” such as tail, dock, or elbow blocks, not what is below that.
ومغلّظةٌ:and heavy: وهيit [is] بقيةremainder النجاسات،najāsāt, ووزنand [in] weight المثقالmithqāl عفوٌoverlooked فيin ذاتِsolid الجرمmass معwith الكراهة،dislike; وقدرand extent عرضwidth الكفّpalm فيin المائعةِliquid وماand what زادexceeds مانع.blocks
Heavy [impurity] is the rest of najāsāt; a mithqāl in solid filth is overlooked with dislike; a handspan in liquid and more blocks.
ومحلّand place الاستنجاءistinjāʾ خارجoutside عنof العفو.overlooking
The place of istinjāʾ is excluded from [the] overlooking.
ورشاشand spray البولurine كرؤوسlike الإبرneedle heads عفوٌ.overlooked
Urine spray like needle heads is overlooked.
ولوand if صَلّىhe prayed علىon بساطٍrug صغيرٍsmall فيat طرفهits edge نجاسة،impurity, لاnot يصحّ،valid; ولوand if كانit was كبيراًlarge, صح.valid
If he prays on a small rug with impurity at an edge, it is invalid; if the rug is large, it is valid.
ولوand if حَمَلَcarried المصلِّيworshipper نافجةَpouch مسكٍ:musk: إنif كانتit was بحيثsuch that لوif أَصابهاwere to touch it الماءwater لاnot يفسدهاspoil it ـ— أيi.e. لاnot ينتنturn foul ـ— تَصحّvalid مطلقاً،absolutely, سواءwhether كانتit was منfrom حيوانanimal مذكَّاًslaughtered أوor غيرnot مذكَّاً،slaughtered; وإنand if كانit was يفسدهاspoil it الماءwater تَصِحّvalid بشرطِon condition كونهاbeing منfrom حيوانanimal مذكَّاً.slaughtered
If the worshipper carries a pouch of musk: if water would not spoil it—i.e. not make it foul—it is valid in any case, whether from a slaughtered animal or not; if water would spoil it, it is valid only if from a slaughtered animal.
ومَنwhoever لمnot يجدfinds ماwhat يزيلremoves بهwith it النَّجاسة،impurity, وربعand a quarter ثوبهof his garment طاهرٌpure صلَّىprayed فيهin it حتماً،necessarily, ولمand not يعدrepeats الصَّلاة،prayer; وإنand if كانwas طاهرٌpure أقلَّless than منfrom الربع،quarter, يخَيَّرhe is given choice بينbetween الصّلاةِprayer فيهin it وبينand between الصّلاةِprayer عارياً،bare, والأَوّلand the former أَفضل.better
Whoever finds nothing to remove impurity and a quarter of his garment is pure prays in it necessarily without repeating the prayer; if less than a quarter is pure, he chooses between praying in it or naked, the former is better.
الشرطcondition الثالث:third: سَترcovering العَورة:ʿawra: عورةʿawra الرّجل:man: ماwhat بينbetween سرّتهhis navel إلىto ركبته،his knee, والرّكبةand the knee عورةٌʿawra والسرّةand the navel لا.not
Third condition—covering ʿawra: a man’s ʿawra is between his navel and knee; the knee is ʿawra, the navel is not.
وعورةand ʿawra الحرّة:free woman: جميعall بدنها،her body, وشعرهاand her hair عورةٌ،ʿawra, إلاexcept الوجهface والكفينand two palms والقدمين.and two feet
A free woman’s ʿawra is her entire body; her hair is ʿawra except face, two hands, and two feet.
وعورةand ʿawra الأمة:bondwoman: مثلlike عورةʿawra الرَّجلman معwith زيادةaddition بطنهاher belly وظهرها.and her back
A female slave’s ʿawra is like a man’s plus her belly and back.
والعورةand ʿawra الغليظةheavy والخفيفةand light سواء.alike
Heavy and light degrees of ʿawra are treated alike.
وماand what دونless than ربعquarter العضوlimb عفوٌoverlooked والرّبعand quarter مانع.blocks
Less than a quarter of a limb is overlooked; a quarter prevents [prayer].
والسَّاترand cover الرقيقthin الذيwhich لاnot يَمْنَعblocks رؤيةَseeing العورةʿawra لاnot يكفي.suffices
A thin cover that does not block seeing the ʿawra does not suffice.
ومَنwhoever فَقَدَloses الساترَ،cover, صَلَّىprays عرياناًnaked قاعداًsitting يومئgesturing بالرّكوعrukūʿ والسّجود،and sujūd, أوor قائماًstanding يركعhe bows ويسجد،and prostrates, والأَوّلand the former أَفضل.better
Whoever lacks a cover prays naked sitting, gesturing bowing and prostration; or standing bowing and prostrating—the former is better.
الشرطcondition الرابع:fourth: استقبالfacing القبلة:qibla: وفرضهand his obligation [is] عينitself الكعبةKaʿba للمكيّ،for the Meccan; وجهتهاits direction لغيره.for others
Fourth condition—facing the qibla: for a Meccan the obligation is the Kaʿba itself; for others its direction.
وَمَنwhoever اشتبهتis uncertain عليهfor him القبلةqibla لاnot يَتَحَرَّىinvestigates وعندهwhilst with him مَنsomeone يسأله،asks him, ولاnor فيin الصحراءthe desert والسماءand the sky مصْحية.clear
Whoever is uncertain of the qibla does not investigate when someone present can tell him, nor under a clear sky in the desert.
وإذاand if عَدِمَhe lacked الدلائلَmarkers والمخْبِرَand informer فيin الصحراء،desert, تَحَرَّىhe investigates وصَلَّى،and prays; فلوso if تَبَيَّنَappears الخطأerror فيهاin it بنى،he rebuilds; ولوand if تَبَيَّنَappears بعدهاafter it لاnot يعيد.he repeats
If in the desert he lacks markers and an informer, he forms an opinion and prays; if error appears in that prayer he rebuilds; if it appears after, he does not repeat.
الشرطcondition الخامس:fifth: النيّة:intention: وهيit [is] إرادةwilling الصلاةprayer بقلبه.in his heart
Fifth condition—intention: willing the prayer in the heart.
واللفظand speech سنةٌ.sunna
Uttering [the intention] is sunna.
والمقتديand follower يَنويintends أَصلَroot الصّلاةprayer ومتابعةَand following إمامهhis imām والاقتداءand following بهwith it ونحوand the like ذلك.of that
The follower intends the prayer itself, following his imām, and the like.
والأحوطand safer مقارنةconcurrent النيّةintention للتكبير،with takbīr; فإنso if قدَّمهاhe precedes it عليهon him صَحَّvalid إنif لمnot تبطلbroken بقاطع.by a breaker
Safer is intention concurrent with the takbīr; if he precedes it, it is valid unless broken by something that cancels intention.
الشرطcondition السادس:sixth: تكبيرةtakbīra الإحرام:iḥrām: ويصحّand valid الافتتاحopening بالتكبير،with takbīr, والتهليل،and tahlīl, والتسمية،and basmala, وكلّand every اسمname منfrom أسماءnames اللهAllāh تعالى،Most High, وبقولهand by saying :: اللهم،“Allāhumma,” ولاand not يصحّvalid بقوله:by saying: اللهم“Allāhumma اغفرforgive لي.me.”
Sixth condition—opening takbīr: valid opening with takbīr, tahlīl, basmala, any name of Allah, or “Allāhumma”; not valid with only “Allāhumma forgive me.”
ولوand if أدركَcaught الإمامَimām راكعاًbowing فكبَّرَand said takbīr للرّكوع،for rukūʿ, صارbecame مفتتحاً.opening [with that]
If he catches the imām bowing and says takbīr for bowing, he has [validly] opened.
ولوand if كَبَّرَsaid takbīr قبلbefore إمامِهhis imām ناوياًintending للاقتداء،following, بطلvoid أصلاً.altogether
If he says takbīr before his imām intending to follow, his prayer is void from the outset.
والأفضلand best مقارنةmatching الإمامimām فيin التكبير،takbīr, والتأخّرand delaying فيin التسليم.salām
Prefer matching the imām in takbīr and delaying in the salām.
ويرفعand he raises يديهhis two hands مقارناًconcurrently للتكبيرwith takbīr حتىuntil يحاذيhe aligns بإبهاميهwith his two thumbs شحمةcartilage أذنيه،of his ears, ولاand not يفرّجhe spreads أصابعَه.his fingers
He raises his hands with the takbīr until his thumbs align with his earlobes without spreading his fingers.
وكذاlikewise الرفعraising فيin القنوت،qunūt, وتكبيراتand takbīrs العيدينtwo Eids الزوائد.extra
Likewise raising in qunūt and the extra Eid takbīrs.
وترفعand raises المرأةthe woman حذاءَlevel with منكبيها.her shoulders
The woman raises to shoulder height.
ولاand not يرفعhe raises يديهhis two hands فيin غيرother than تكبيرةtakbīra الإحرام.iḥrām
He does not raise his hands except for the opening takbīr.
والسنةand sunna قيامstanding الإمامimām والقومand people عندat قولِsaying المؤذِّن:muʾadhdhin: حي“ḥayya علىʿalā الفلاح.l-falāḥ.”
It is sunna for the imām and congregation to stand at the muʾadhdhin’s “ḥayya ʿalā l-falāḥ.”
ويكبِّرand says takbīr الإمامimām عندat قوله:his saying: قدalready قامتstood الصلاة.prayer
The imām says takbīr when [the caller] says “qad qāmat aṣ-ṣalāh.”