Congregational prayer is a stressed sunna.
Chapter on congregational prayer
Congregational prayer is a stressed sunna.
Lightening it with the imām is an established sunna; the least in other than Jumuʿa is one with the imām, even if a woman or child.
The most deserving to lead is the most learned.
Then the best reciter.
Then the most Godfearing.
Then the eldest in age.
Then the best in character.
Then the noblest in lineage.
Then the fairest in face.
Whoever leads one person stands him to his right level with him; if he leads two, he stands ahead of them.
Whoever steps ahead of his imām when following—his following is invalid; if he steps ahead after following, his prayer is spoiled.
A man following a woman … or a boy absolutely is invalid; a boy may follow a boy.
Men line up, then boys, then effeminate males, then women.
Young women attending congregation absolutely is disliked; elderly women may go out on the two Eids, Jumuʿa, Fajr, Maghrib, and ʿIshāʾ.
If the imām’s ḥadath appears, the follower repeats.
Whenever between imām and follower is a barrier that makes the imām’s state ambiguous to him, validity is blocked.