تحفة الملوكZayn al-Dīn al-RāzīChapter on zakāt on crops and on ṣadaqa recipients
يجبIt is obligatory عشرa tenth كلevery نابتٍcrop plant سقيirrigated بماءby water of السماءthe sky أوor سيحاً،by natural flow, إلاexcept الحطبfirewood والقصبand reed والحشيش،and grass, منfrom غيرِabsence of شرطِcondition of نصابٍniṣāb أوor حولٍḥawl أوor عقلٍintellect أوor بلوغ.majority.
A tenth is due on every crop plant irrigated by rainwater or by natural flow, except firewood, reed, and grass—without condition of niṣāb, ḥawl, intellect, or majority.
فإنSo if جعلhe made أَرضهhis land محطبةrain-fed, أوor مقصبةchannel-fed, أوor محتشاً،flood-dependent, وجبit is obligatory فيهon it العشر.the tenth.
If he makes his land rain-fed, channel-fed, or flood-dependent, a tenth is due on it.
وماAnd what سقيirrigated بغَرْبٍby water-wheel أوor داليةٍ،water-lift, ففيهon it [is due] نصفhalf العشر.the tenth.
What is irrigated by water-wheel or water-lift: half a tenth applies.
وإنAnd if سقِيirrigated سيحاby natural flow وبدالية،and by water-lift, حكمruling بأكثرaccording to الحول.the greater [share of] the year.
If it is irrigated by natural flow and by water-lift, the ruling follows whichever mode covers most of the year.
وفيAnd on العسلhoney العشر،the tenth, ولوeven if وجدfound فيin الجبلthe mountain كالثمرlike fruit فيه،on it, ولاand not يطرحdeducted أجرَwages of العمالthe workers ونفقةَand upkeep of البقرthe oxen قبلbefore العشر.the tenth.
On honey the tenth [applies], even if found in the mountain like fruit thereon; workers’ wages and oxen upkeep are not deducted before the tenth.
ولاAnd no شيءthing فيon القِيرtar والنفط،and crude oil, واللهand Allah أعلم.knows best.
Nothing is due on tar or crude oil, and Allah knows best.
مصارفOutlets الزكاةof zakāt والعشرand the tenth سبعةseven :: الفقير:the poor: وهوand he مَنwhoever لهhas أدنىthe least شيء.thing.
The outlets of zakāt and the tenth are seven: the poor (faqīr): he who possesses the least of anything.
والمسكين:And the needy: وهوand he مَنwhoever لاnot شيءa thing له،for him, وقيل:and it is said: بالعكس.the reverse.
The needy (misqīn): he who has nothing; and it is said: the reverse.
والعاملAnd the agent غيرother than الهاشميّHāshimī ولوeven if كانhe was غنيّاً.rich.
The agent [collector], if not a Hāshimī—even if he is rich.
والمكاتَب.And the mukātab.
The mukātab.
والمديون.And the debtor.
The debtor.
والغازيAnd the warrior المنقطع.cut-off [from supplies].
The cut-off warrior.
وقيل:And it is said: الحاجّthe pilgrim المنقطع.cut-off.
And it is said: the cut-off pilgrim.
ومَنAnd whoever مالهhis wealth بعيدfar عنه.from him.
He whose wealth is far from him.
وللمالكAnd for the owner أنto يعمَّmake general كلَّall المصارفthe outlets وأنand to يَخصَّrestrict بعضَها.some of them.
The owner may distribute across all the outlets or restrict to some of them.
ولاAnd not تدْفَعis paid إلىto غنيٍّa rich person وإنeven if كانwas نصابهhis niṣāb غيرَnon- نام.appreciating.
It is not paid to a rich person even if his niṣāb is non-appreciating.
ولاAnd not إلىto ذميٍّa dhimmī بخلافunlike غيرother than الزكاة.zakāt.
Nor to a dhimmī—unlike other than zakāt.
ولاAnd not يبنىis built منهاfrom it مسجد.a mosque.
A mosque is not built from it.
ولاAnd not يكفنshrouded ميت،a dead person, ولاand not يقضيpaid دينه.his debt.
Nor is a dead person shrouded from it, nor his debt paid.
ولاAnd not يَعتِقmanumitted بهاwith it عبداً.a slave.
Nor is a slave manumitted with it.
ولاAnd not يدفعهاpays it المزكيthe payer إلىto أصولهhis ascendants وفروعه،and descendants, وزوجتهand his wife وزوجها،and her husband, ومكاتَبهand his mukātab ومدبَّره،and mudabbar, وأمّand mother of ولده،his child, وعبدand slave أعتقmanumitted بعضَه.part of him.
Nor may the payer give it to his ascendants or descendants, his wife or her husband, his mukātab or mudabbar, his child’s mother, or a slave partly manumitted.
ولاAnd not إلىto مملوكِslave of غنيٍّa rich person وولدِهand his child الصغير،the small, بخلافunlike امرأته.his wife.
Nor to a rich person’s slave and his small child—unlike his wife.
ولاAnd not إلىto هاشميHāshimī ومولاه.and his mawlā.
Nor to a Hāshimī and his mawlā.
ولوAnd if ظنّهthought him مصرفاًan outlet فأعطاهand gave him فأخطأ،but erred, سقطتit does not discharge عنهfrom him إلاexcept فيregarding مكاتَبه.his mukātab.
If he thought him an outlet and gave to him but erred, it does not discharge him except regarding his mukātab.
ولوAnd if أعطاهgave him شاكّاً،while doubtful, لمnot تسقطit discharges إلاexcept بتحقيقwith verifying أنَّهthat he مصرف.an outlet.
If he gave while doubtful, it does not discharge except after verifying that he is an outlet.
ويكرهAnd disliked إعطاءgiving واحدٍone منfrom الزّكاةِzakāt نصاباً.a niṣāb.
Giving one person an entire niṣāb from zakāt is disliked.
ويكرهAnd disliked نقلهاtransferring it إلاexcept إلىto قريبnearer أوor أحوج.needier.
Transferring it is disliked except to someone nearer or needier.