تحفة الملوكZayn al-Dīn al-RāzīChapter on removing impurity
النجاسةImpurity المرئيّة:visible: تطهرis purified بزوالby removal عينهاof its substance بكلِّwith every مائعٍliquid طاهرٍpure مزيل:removing: كالخلّ،such as vinegar, وماءand water الورد،of rose, والماءand water المستعمل،used, والأثرand trace الذيwhich يشقis hard إزالتهits removal عفوٌ.overlooked.
Visible impurity is purified by removal of its substance with any purifying liquid that removes it—such as vinegar, rose-water, used water; a trace difficult to remove is overlooked.
وغيرAnd non المرئية:visible: تطهرis purified بالغَسلby washing الذيwhich يغلبpreponderates علىon الظنّsupposition الزّوالremoval به.with it.
Non-visible [impurity] is purified by washing that preponderantly removes it.
وكلّAnd every شيءٍthing صقيل:smooth: كالمرآةِ،such as mirror, والسيفِ،and sword, والسكين،and knife, ونحوها،and their like, يطهرis purified بالمسح.by wiping.
Everything smooth—mirror, sword, knife, and the like—is purified by wiping.
والمَنِيّAnd semen نجسٌimpure يَجِبobligates غسلهwashing it رطباًwet ويكفيand suffices فركهrubbing it يابساً.dry.
Semen is impure; washing it when wet is obligatory, and rubbing it when dry suffices.
ولوAnd if ذهبwent أثرtrace النجاسةof impurity عنfrom الأرضthe ground بالشمس،by the sun, جازتpermitted الصلاةprayer علىon مكانها،its place, دونwithout التيمّمtayammum منه.from it.
If the trace of impurity leaves the ground by the sun, prayer on that place is permitted, not tayammum from it.
وإذاAnd if أصابتstruck الخفَّthe sock أوor النعلَthe sandal نجاسةٌimpurity لهاhaving جِرمٌbody فجفتthen dried فدلكهthen he rubs it بالأرض،on the ground, يطهرis purified بخلافunlike المائعةliquid والثوب.and garment.
If impurity with body [to it] strikes the sock or sandal, then it dries and he rubs it on the ground, it is purified—unlike liquid impurity and clothing.