Chapter on catching the obligatory prayer — Tuḥfat al-Mulūk

Ruling308

1 note

Whoever enters a mosque where adhān has been given is disliked to leave before prayer unless he is an imām or muʾadhdhin going to his congregation, or he has already prayed the obligatory and leaves—unless prayer starts before he leaves: then he follows voluntarily in Ẓuhr and ʿIshāʾ and leaves in the rest.

From the editors

Footnotes

After the adhān, leaving the mosque before the obligatory prayer is disliked (makrūh) when one could remain for jamāʿa. The matn carves out two excuses: an imām or muʾadhdhin who must go to lead or call another congregation, and someone who has already performed that time’s obligatory prayer in this mosque. If the communal prayer begins before he can leave, the ruling branches: for Ẓuhr and ʿIshāʾ he may join behind the imām as a voluntary follower and then depart once that voluntary attachment is complete; for the remaining cases envisaged in the same discussion, he leaves without performing that voluntary following.

“Voluntary here” means praying nafl behind a jamāʿa that is itself an obligatory cycle, not substituting the farḍ he still owes—context is adab around the mosque and the call, not waiving the farḍ.

Ruling309

1 note

If a man comes while the imām is in Fajr: if he fears missing one rakʿa with the imām, he prays the sunna outside then follows; if he fears missing two, he leaves the sunna and follows, and does not make it up.

Ruling310

1 note

The Ẓuhr sunna he omits in both cases and makes up—as mentioned in the chapter on sunan.

Ruling311

1 note

Whoever catches one rakʿa with the imām gets the reward of congregation.

Ruling312

1 note

If he catches the imām bowing and says takbīr and stands until the imām raises his head, he has not caught that rakʿa.

Ruling313

1 note

If he catches him standing and does not bow with him until the imām raises his head then the follower bows, he has caught it.

Ruling314

1 note

If he bows before the imām and the imām catches him in it, it is valid.

Ruling315

1 note

The latecomer makes up his missed part after the imām finishes with recitation even if he recited with the imām; unlike qunūting with him—he does not qunūt in what he makes up.

Ruling316

1 note

If he catches the imām in the third rakʿa of Maghrib he makes up the first two with two sittings.

Ruling317

1 note

What the latecomer makes up at the start of his prayer he opens with basmala for—not for what he caught—and he tashahhuds with his imām and does not supplicate.

From the editors

Footnotes

Whatever he must pray first after the imām’s salām—legally the opening segment of his own completed prayer—receives istiftāḥ (the prescribed opening, including basmala where it applies) there, not in the portion he already performed in step with the imām.

He still performs tashahhud with the imām in the shared closing, but omits optional supplications there, completing duʿāʾ where appropriate only after his prayer is structurally whole. The English line correctly negates supplication even though the word-by-word gloss splits “and not” / “he supplicates”; read the sentence as “and does not supplicate”.

If your interface ever anchors a footnote to the final phrase tokens alone, prefer the full Arabic clause وَلا يدعو for hover alignment so the negation is not misread in isolation.

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