تحفة الملوكZayn al-Dīn al-RāzīChapter on forgetfulness (sahw)
يجبis obligatory للسَّهوfor sahw لاnot للعمدfor deliberate [error] سجدتانtwo prostrations متىwhen تركhe omits واجباً،an obligation, أَوor أَخَّره،delays it, أَوor أخَّرَdelays ركناً،a pillar, أوor زادَadds فيin صلاتهhis prayer فعلاًan act منof جنسها.its kind.
Two prostrations for forgetfulness—not on purpose—are obligatory when he omits an obligation, delays it, delays a pillar, or adds an act of the same kind in prayer.
ويجبand is obligatory علىon المأمومthe follower بسهوfor sahw of الإمام،the imām, فإنso if تركَهomits them الإمامthe imām وافقهmatches him المأموم.the follower.
They are obligatory on the follower for the imām’s forgetfulness; if the imām omits them the follower does them.
وسهوand sahw of المأمومthe follower لاnot يوجبrequires السجود.prostration.
The follower’s own forgetfulness does not require the prostrations.
ومَنwhoever سهاforgot عنfrom القعدةsitting الأولى:first: فإنso if تذكَّرَhe remembered وهوwhilst he إلىto القعودsitting أقرب،closer, قَعَدَhe sat ولاand not شيءanything عليه،on him, وإنand if كانhe was إلىto القيامstanding أقرب،closer, لمdid not يقعدsit وسجدand he prostrated للسهو.for sahw.
Whoever forgets the first sitting: if he remembers while closer to sitting, he sits and owes nothing; if closer to standing, he does not sit and prostrates for sahw.
ومَنwhoever سهاforgot عنfrom القعدةِsitting الأخيرةِ،last, عادَreturned إليهاto it ماwhilst لمnot يسجدhe prostrated للخامسةfor the fifth وسَجَدَand prostrated للسَّهو،for sahw, وإنand if سَجَدَhe prostrated للخامسةِ،for the fifth, صارbecame فرضهhis obligation نفلاً،nafl, فيضمّso he adds إليهto it ركعةًa rakʿa سادسة،sixth, وإنand if لمdid not يضمّadd صَحّ،valid, ولوand if قعدhe sat فيin الرابعةfourth ثمّthen قامhe stood ولمand not يسلِّمgave salām يَظنّthinking أنَّهاthat it [is] القعدةsitting الأولىfirst عادَhe returns ماwhilst لمnot يسجدhe prostrated للخامسةِfor the fifth وسجدand prostrated للسّهو،for sahw, وإنand if سجدhe prostrated للخامسةfor the fifth زادhe added سادسة،a sixth, وتَمَّand completed فرضه،his obligation, والزائدand the excess نفلٌnafl غيرnot نائبsubstituting عنfor سنةsunna الظهرẒuhr وسجدand prostrated للسهو.for sahw.
Whoever forgets the last sitting returns to it as long as he has not prostrated for the fifth [rakʿa] and prostrates for sahw; if he prostrated for the fifth, his obligatory prayer becomes nafl—he adds a sixth rakʿa; if he does not add, it is valid; if he sat in the fourth then rose without salām thinking it the first sitting, he returns as long as he has not prostrated for the fifth and prostrates for sahw; if he prostrated for the fifth he adds a sixth, his obligation completes, the extra is nafl not replacing Ẓuhr sunna, and he prostrates for sahw.
ومَنwhoever سلَّمgave salām يريدintending الخروجto leave منfrom صلاتهhis prayer وعليهand on him [is] سهوsahw لمnot يخرجhe left منهاfrom it ويسجدand he prostrates لسهوه.for his sahw.
Whoever salutes intending to leave his prayer while sahw remains on him has not left it and prostrates for sahw.
ومَنwhoever شكّdoubted أَصلَّىhe prayed ثلاثاًthree, أوor أَربعاً،four, وذلكand that أَوّلfirst ماwhat عَرَضَoccurred لهto him استأنفbegins afresh بالسَّلام.with salām.
Whoever doubts whether he prayed three or four—and that is the first time it occurs—begins again with salām.
وهوand that [is] أَولىbetter منthan الكلامspeech ومجردand mere النيّةintention لغو.void.
That is better than speech or mere intention alone.
وإنand if كانwas الشكّdoubt يعرضoccurs لهto him كثيراًoften, عملhe acts بأكثرby his stronger رأيه.opinion.
If doubt recurs often he acts on his stronger opinion.
فإنso if لمnot يكنwas لهfor him رأيan opinion أَخَذَhe took بالأَقلّby the lesser وقَعَدَand he sat حيثwhere يتوهمهhe supposes it آخرend صلاته.his prayer.
If he has no opinion he takes the lesser [number] and sits where he imagines the end of his prayer.