تحفة الملوكZayn al-Dīn al-RāzīBook of Inheritance Shares
الفروضThe fixed shares المقدرةstipulated فيin القرآنthe Qurʾān ستّة:are six: النِّصف،the half, والرّبع،the quarter, والثّمن،the eighth, والثّلثان،the two-thirds, والثّلث،the third, والسّدس.and the sixth.
The fixed shares stipulated in the Qurʾān are six: the half, the quarter, the eighth, the two-thirds, the third, and the sixth.
وأَصْحابهاAnd those entitled to them اثناtwo عشرَ:ten: أَربعةfour منof الرّجال،the men, وثمانand eight منof النّساء.the women.
And those entitled to them are twelve: four of the men, and eight of the women.
أماAs for الرجالthe men :: 1)1) فالأب،the father, 2)2) والجدّ،and the grandfather, 3)3) والأخand the brother لأم،by the mother, 4)4) والزوج.and the husband.
As for the men: 1) the father, 2) the grandfather, 3) the uterine brother, 4) the husband.
وأماAnd as for النّساءthe women :1):1) فالأم،the mother, 2)2) والجدّة،and the grandmother, 3)3) والبنت،and the daughter, 4)4) وبنتand daughter الابنof the son 5)والأخت5) and the sister لأَبby the father وأمand mother 6)6) أوor لأَب،by the father, 7)7) أوor لأم،by the mother, 8)8) والزوجة.and the wife.
As for the women: 1) the mother, 2) the grandmother, 3) the daughter, 4) and the son’s daughter, 5) the full sister 6) or paternal half-sister 7) or uterine half-sister 8) the wife.
1.1. فالأب:As for the father: 1)1) لهfor him [is] السّدسthe sixth معwith الابنthe son أوor ابنson الابن.of the son.
1. As for the father: 1) for him is the sixth with the son or the son’s son.
2)2) والتعصيبand becoming residuary عندwhen عدمabsence of الولدthe child وولدand child الابن.of the son.
2) And he becomes residuary (taʿṣīb) when there is no child nor child’s child.
3)3) وكلاهماand both of them معwith البنتthe daughter وبنتand daughter الابن.of the son.
3) And both [take the sixth] with the daughter and the son’s daughter.
2.2. والجدّAnd the grandfather فيin أحوالهhis cases كالأب.as the father.
2. And the grandfather in his rulings is as the father.
3.3. والأخAnd the brother لأم:by the mother: 1)1) لهfor him [is] السدس،the sixth, 2)2) وللاثنينand for two فصاعداًupwards الثلث.the third.
3. And the brother by the mother: 1) for him is the sixth; 2) and for two upwards is the third.
4.4. والزوج:1)And the husband: 1) لهfor him [is] النصفthe half عندwhen عدمabsence of الولدthe child وولدnor child’s الابن،son, 2)2) والربعand the quarter معwith أحدهما.one of them.
4. And the husband: 1) for him is the half when there is no child nor child’s child; 2) and the quarter with one of them.
5.5. والأم:And the mother: 1)1) لهاfor her [is] السدسthe sixth معwith الولدthe child وولدand child الابن،of the son, أوor الاثنينtwo منof الأخوةthe brothers والأخواتand sisters فصاعداًupwards منfrom أيany جهةline كانوا،they were, 2)2) والثلثand the third عندwhen عدمabsence of هؤلاء،them, 3)3) وثلثand one-third ماof what يبقىremains فيin مسألتين،two cases, وهما:namely: زوجhusband وأبوان،and two parents, أوor زوجةwife وأبوان،and two parents, ولوand if كانwere مكانin place of الأبthe father جدّa grandfather فلهاfor her [is] الثلثthe third كاملاًin full فيin الأصحّ.the soundest view.
5. And the mother: 1) for her is the sixth with the child and child’s child, or two or more brothers and sisters upwards from whatever line they may be; 2) and the third when none of those are present; 3) and one-third of what remains in two cases, namely: husband and two parents, or wife and two parents; and were the father replaced by a grandfather, for her is the full third in the soundest view.
6.6. والجدّة:And the grandmother: أمّmother الأمِّof the mother وأمّand mother الأبof the father لهاfor her [is] السدسthe sixth واحدةًone كانتwhether she were أوor أكثر.more.
6. And the grandmother: the mother’s mother and the father’s mother— for her is the sixth, whether one or more.
7.7. 1)وللبنت1) And for the daughter الواحدةthe single النصف،the half, 2)وللثنتين2) and for two فصاعداًupwards الثلثان.the two-thirds.
7. 1) And for the single daughter is the half; 2) and for two upwards are the two-thirds.
8.8. وكذاAnd likewise بنتdaughter الابنِof the son عندwhen عدمabsence of بنتdaughter الصلب،of lineal descent, ولهاand for her واحدةone كانتwhether أوor أكثرmore معwith بنتdaughter الصلبof lineal descent السدسthe sixth تكملةcompleting الثلثين.the two-thirds.
8. Likewise the son’s daughter when there is no lineal daughter; and for her, one or more, with the lineal daughter, the sixth completing the two-thirds.
9.9. والأختAnd the sister لأبby the father وأمand mother 1)لها1) for her [is] النصف،2)وللثنتينthe half, 2) and for two فصاعداًupwards الثلثان.the two-thirds.
9. And the full sister: 1) for her is the half; 2) and for two upwards are the two-thirds.
10.10. والأختAnd the sister لأبby the father كذلكlikewise عندwhen عدمabsence of الأختthe sister لأبby father وأم،and mother, ولهاand for her واحدةًone كانتwhether أوor أكثرmore معwith الأختthe sister لأبby father وأمand mother السدسthe sixth تكملةَcompleting الثلثين.the two-thirds.
10. And the paternal half-sister likewise when there is no full sister; and for her, whether one or more, with the full sister, the sixth completing the two-thirds.
11.11. والأختAnd the sister لأمby the mother كالأخlike the brother لأمby the mother ذكورهمtheir males وإناثهمand their females فيin الاستحقاقentitlement والقسمةand division سواء.equally.
11. And the uterine half-sister is as the uterine brother: their males and females are equal in entitlement and division.
12.12. والزوجةAnd the wife 1)1) لهاfor her [is] الربعthe quarter عندwhen عدمabsence of الولدthe child وولدnor child’s الابنson واحدةًone كانتwhether أوor أكثر،more, 2)2) والثمنand the eighth معwith أحدهم.one of them.
12. And the wife: 1) for her is the quarter when there is no child nor child’s child, whether one or more; 2) and the eighth with one of them.