تحفة الملوكZayn al-Dīn al-RāzīChapter [on what invalidates the fast and what does not—and what obligates make-up and what does not]
وماAnd what يوجبobligates القضاءmake-up وماand what لاdoes not يوجبه]obligates it] ومَنwhoever أكلَate أوor شربَdrank أوor جامعَcopulated ناسياً،forgetfully, لمdid not يفطرْ،break fast, بخلافunlike المكرهcompelled والمخطئ.and mistaken.
[What obligates make-up and what does not:] whoever eats, drinks, or copulates forgetfully does not break the fast—unlike one compelled or mistaken.
ولوAnd if أنزلَemitted باحتلامٍby nocturnal emission أوor فكرٍthought أوor نظرٍ،looking, أوor أَصبحwoke جنباًin junub منfrom جماعٍ،intercourse, أوor ادَّهنَ،anointed himself أوor قَبَّلَ،kissed, لمdid not يفطر.break fast.
If he emits semen due to nocturnal emission, thought, or looking; or wakes in major ritual impurity from intercourse; or applies oil; or kisses—he does not break his fast.
ولوAnd if أنزلَemitted بقبلةٍby kissing أوor لمسٍ،touching, لزمهwas obligatory on him القضاءmake-up لاnothing غير.further.
If he emits semen due to kissing or touching, make-up alone is obligatory on him—nothing further.
وتباحAnd permitted القبلةkiss للصائمfor faster إنif أمنtrusted علىupon نفسه.himself.
Kissing is permitted for the faster if he trusts himself.
ولوAnd if دخلَentered حلقَهhis throat ذبابٌfly أوor غبارٌdust أوor دخانٌsmoke وهوwhilst he ذاكرٌmindful لصومه،for his fast, لمdid not يفطر،break fast, بخلافunlike المطرrain والثلج.and snow.
If a fly, dust, or smoke enters his throat whilst he remembers his fasting, he does not break his fast—unlike rain and snow.
ولوAnd if تنخعcleared throat وابتلعand swallowed ماwhat تنخعcleared [throat] به،with it, أوor ابتلعswallowed ريقَهhis saliva المغلوبoverwhelmed بالدم،with blood, لمdid not يفطر.break fast.
If he clears his throat (tankhʿ) and swallows what he cleared with, or swallows saliva overwhelmed with blood, he does not break his fast.
وإنAnd if ابتلعَswallowed ماwhat بينbetween أسنانهhis teeth منfrom عشائهhis supper دونless than حمصة،chickpea, لمdid not يفطرbreak fast إلاّunless إذاwhen أَخرجَهexpelled it ثمthen رَدَّه،returned it, وبقدرand by measure of الحمصةchickpea يفطر،breaks fast, ولاand no كفّارةexpiation عليه.upon him.
If he swallows what remains between his teeth from supper short of a chickpea’s amount, he does not break his fast—unless he expels it then returns it; a chickpea’s amount breaks the fast, without expiation.
ولوAnd if ابتلعَswallowed سمسمةsesame seed لزمتهwas due on him الكفّارةexpiation وإنeven if مضغهاchewed it لمdid not يفطرbreak fast إلاunless أنthat يجدَfinds طعمَهاits taste فيin حلقه.his throat.
If he swallows a sesame seed, expiation is due; even if he chews it he does not break his fast unless he tastes it in his throat.
ولوAnd if أكلَate عجيناًdough أوor دقيقاً،flour, أوor ابتلعَswallowed حصاةًpebble أوor نحوها،similar, لزمَهwas obligatory on him القضاءmake-up لاnothing غير.further.
If he eats dough or flour, or swallows a pebble or the like, make-up alone is obligatory—nothing further.
ولوAnd if أكلَate مسكاًmusk أوor كافوراًcamphor أوor زعفراناًsaffron أوor تراباًearth مشوياًroasted أوor ورقleaf شجرtree يعتادhabitual أَكلها،eating them, لزمتهwas due on him الكفّارة.expiation.
If he eats musk, camphor, saffron, roasted earth, or tree leaves habitually eaten, expiation is due.
ولوAnd if مضغchewed لقمةًmorsel ناسياًforgetfully فتذكرthen remembered فابتلعَها،then swallowed it, وجبَتwas due الكفارة،expiation, ولوand if أخرجَهاexpelled it ثمّthen ابتلعَها،swallowed it, لمwas not تجب.due.
If he chews a morsel forgetfully, then remembers and swallows it, expiation is due; if he expels it then swallows it, it is not due.
ولوAnd if أفطرَbroke fast عمداًdeliberately ثمّthen مرضfell ill أوor حاضت،menstruated, لمwas not تجبdue الكفارة،expiation, ولوand if سافرtravelled طائعاً،willingly, وجبت.was due.
If he breaks his fast deliberately then falls ill or menstruates, expiation is not due; if he travels willingly, it is due.
وللمريضAnd for sick person الفطرbreaking fast يومday نوبةbout حمّاه،of his fever, وللمرأةand for woman أيضاًalso يومday عادةhabit حيضهاof her menses بناءًbased علىon العادة،the habit, فإنthen if أفطرَbroke fast فلمthen did not تأتِarrive الحمّىfever والحيض،and menses, وجبتwas due الكفارة.expiation.
The sick person may break the fast on a day his fever spikes; likewise a woman on a day she expects menses by her habit—if she breaks fast yet neither fever nor menses arrives, expiation is due.
وإنAnd if غلبَهovercame him القيء،vomiting, لمdid not يفطرbreak fast مطلقاً،absolutely, وإنand if تعمَّدintended deliberately ملءfilling فيه،into it, أفطرَbroke fast ولاand no كفّارة.expiation.
If vomiting overcomes him, he does not break his fast absolutely; if he deliberately fills his mouth [with vomit], he breaks his fast without expiation.
ومَنwhoever أَكَلَate غذاءً،food, أوor شَربَdrank دواءً،medicine, أوor جامعَcopulated عمداًdeliberately فيin أَحدone السبيلين،of the two passages, لزمتهwas due upon him الكفّارة.expiation.
Whoever eats food, drinks medicine, or copulates deliberately through either passage, expiation is due upon him.
ولاAnd no كَفّارةَexpiation بالجماعfor intercourse فيماin what دونbelow الفرجprivate part ولوeven if أنزل،emitted, ولاnor كفارةَexpiation علىupon المرأةthe woman لوif كانتwas نائمةasleep أوor مجنونةًinsane أوor مكرهةً.compelled.
There is no expiation for intercourse short of the private part even with emission; nor expiation on the woman if she was asleep, insane, or compelled.
ولاAnd no كفّارةَexpiation فيfor إفسادinvalidating صومfast غيرother than رمضانRamaḍān أداءً.on-time.
There is no expiation for invalidating a fast other than Ramaḍān performed on time.
ومَنwhoever احتقنَ،used enema, أوor استعطَ،snuffed أوor أقطرَinstilled drops فيin أذنهhis ear دواءًmedicine أوor دهناً،oil, أوor داوىtreated جائفةًabdominal wound أوor آمّةًhead wound بدواءٍwith medicine رطبٍmoist فوصَلso reached إلىto جوفهhis stomach أوor دماغه،his brain, لزمهwas obligatory on him القضاءmake-up لاnothing غير.further.
Whoever uses an enema, snuffs liquid, or drops medicine or oil in the ear, or treats an abdominal or head wound with wet medicine reaching his stomach or brain, make-up alone is obligatory—nothing further.
وإنAnd if أقطرَinstilled drops فيin أذنهhis ear ماءًwater أوor فيin ذَكَرهhis penis دهناً،oil, لمdid not يفطر.break fast.
If he instils water into the ear or oil into the penis (dhakar), he does not break his fast.
ومَنwhoever ذاقَtasted شيئاًsomething ومَجَّه،and spat out, لمdid not يفطر،break fast, ويكرهand disliked للصّائمfor faster الذوقtasting إلاexcept حالةcase الشراء.purchase.
Whoever tastes something then spits it out does not break his fast; tasting is disliked for the faster except when buying.
ويكرهAnd disliked للمرأةِfor woman مضغchewing الطعامfood لولدهاfor her child بغيرwithout ضرورة.need.
Chewing food for her child without need is disliked for a woman.
ومضغAnd chewing العلكgum مكروهٌdisliked للصائم،for faster, وقيل:and said: مفسدٌinvalidating إنif كانwas متفتتاًcrumbling أوor أسوداً.black.
Chewing gum (ʿilk) is disliked for the faster; it was said: it invalidates if it crumbles or is black.
ولاAnd not يكرهdisliked للمرأةfor woman المفطرة،not fasting, وفيand regarding الرجلman خلاف.difference.
It is not disliked for a woman who is not fasting; for the man there is difference of opinion.
ويباحAnd permitted للصائمfor faster الكحلkohl ولوeven if وَجَدَfound طعمَهits taste فيin حلقه،his throat, ودهنand oiling الشَّاربِmoustache والحاجبِand eyebrows إذاwhen قَصَدَintended بهماwith them غيرother than الزّينة،adornment, وكذاlikewise للمفطر.for not fasting.
Kohl is permitted for the faster even if he tastes it in his throat; oiling the moustache and eyebrows is permitted if not for adornment—and likewise for one not fasting.
ولاAnd not يكرهdisliked السّواكtooth-stick للصّائمfor faster بمسواكwith tooth-stick رطبٍmoist أوor يابس،dry, ولاnor الفَصْدvenesection والحجامة.and cupping.
Using the tooth-stick (miswāk) is not disliked for the faster, wet or dry; nor venesection nor cupping.